Table 2.
Life-space assessment (LSA) according to five levels of mobility among Brazilian older adults living in the community before and since COVID-19 pandemic (n = 1,482) (33).
| LSA levels and life-space | Level 1 Home | Level 2 Outside home | Level 3 Neighborhood | Level 4 Town | Level 5 Beyond town | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before pandemic | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 7.3 (1.6) | 13.9 (4.1) | 15.5 (8.5) | 18.0 (10.7) | 9.1 (10.2) | 64.0 (26.0) |
| Yes (%) | 1,459 (98.4) | 1,432 (96.6) | 1,294 (87.3) | 1,320 (89.1) | 888 (59.9) | – |
| No (%) | 23 (1.6) | 50 (3.4) | 188 (12.7) | 162 (10.9) | 594 (40.1) | – |
| Frequency (%) | ||||||
| <1/week | 22 (1.5) | 42 (2.9) | 125 (9.7) | 248 (18.8) | 559 (63.0) | – |
| 1–3/week | 73 (5.0) | 123 (8.6) | 334 (25.8) | 447 (33.8) | 218 (24.5) | – |
| 4–6/week | 51 (3.5) | 92 (6.4) | 209 (16.2) | 224 (17.0) | 49 (5.5) | – |
| Daily | 1,313 (90.0) | 1,175 (82.1) | 626 (48.4) | 402 (30.4) | 62 (7.0) | – |
| Dependency (%) | ||||||
| Use of assistive devices | 52 (3.6) | 52 (3.6) | 33 (2.6) | 31 (2.3) | 13 (1.5) | – |
| Assistance of a person | 40 (2.7) | 45 (3.2) | 54 (4.2) | 81 (6.1) | 59 (6.6) | – |
| No use of devices or need of assistance | 1,367 (93.7) | 1,335 (93.2) | 1,207 (93.2) | 1,209 (91.6) | 816 (91.9) | – |
| Since pandemic | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 7.3 (1.7) | 12.8 (5.1) | 7.7 (8.8) | 7.9 (9.9) | 2.0 (6.3) | 37.8 (22.1) |
| Yes (%) | 1,443 (97.4) | 1,366 (92.2) | 793 (53.5) | 728 (49.1) | 188 (12.7) | – |
| No (%) | 39 (2.6) | 116 (7.8) | 689 (46.5) | 754 (50.9) | 1,294 (87.3) | – |
| Frequency (%) | ||||||
| <1/week | 15 (1.0) | 52 (3.8) | 181 (22.8) | 244 (33.5) | 101 (53.7) | – |
| 1–3/week | 66 (4.5) | 180 (13.2) | 298 (37.6) | 316 (43.4) | 63 (33.5) | – |
| 4–6/week | 62 (4.2) | 125 (9.2) | 84 (10.6) | 46 (6.3) | 7 (3.7) | – |
| Daily | 1,300 (87.7) | 1,009 (73.9) | 230 (29.0) | 122 (16.8) | 17 (9.0) | – |
| Dependency (%) | ||||||
| Use of assistive devices | 43 (3.0) | 42 (3.1) | 12 (1.5) | 8 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | – |
| Assistance of a person | 37 (2.6) | 32 (2.3) | 21 (2.6) | 36 (4.9) | 14 (7.4) | – |
| No use of devices or need of assistance | 1,363 (94.5) | 1,292 (94.6) | 760 (95.8) | 684 (94.0) | 174 (92.6) | – |
| p-valuea | 0.363 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
LSA, Life-Space Assessment; SD, Standard deviation.
a
Wilcoxon test.