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. 2021 Apr 23;14(1):245–256. doi: 10.1007/s12369-021-00781-x

Table 4.

Mean outcome scores per time point by robot grouping

SF36 totals ULS-8 totals+ CCATool totals
Physical health totals Mental health totals
T0
Mean (SD)
T2
Mean (SD)
T0
Mean (SD)
T2
Mean (SD)
T0
Mean (SD)
T2
Mean (SD)
T1
Mean (SD)
T2
Mean (SD)

Any robot

N = 23

58.11 (20.79) 54.50 (18.28) 75.62 (16.81) 73.41 (18.99) 16.80 (5.13) 15.75 (5.28) 20.17 (4.60) 21.87 (3.44)

Exp robot

N = 12

57.20 (20.36) 53.93 (15.21) 77.59 (16.40) 78.39 (12.15) 14.9 (4.98) 14.3 (3.53) 20.83 (4.84) 22.42 (2.91)

Control robot

N = 11

59.09 (22.20) 55.12 (21.91) 73.47 (17.79) 67.97 (23.84) 18.8 (4.73) 17.2 (6.46) 19.45 (4.44) 21.27 (4.00)

No robot

N = 10

61.69 (27.92) 62.56 (30.41) 76.22* (16.51) 63.30* (25.30) 15.70 (4.73) 16.50 (5.40)

*p < .05 (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test); SF36 scores range from 0 to 100 with 100 representing perfect health; ULS-8 scores range from 8 to 32 with 32 representing severe loneliness; CCATool scores range from 0 to 28 with 28 representing highest perceived cultural competence