Table 1.

Characteristics of conventional clinical chelators and comparison to DIBI

Iron chelator	Deferoxamine (DFO)	Deferasirox (DEF)	Deferiprone (DFP)	DIBI
Structure	See Fig. 2	See Fig. 2	See Fig. 2	See Fig. 2
MW (Da)	561	373	139	9,000 avg.a (polymer)
Fe(III): chelator complex	1:1	1:2	1:3	3:1a
Fe binding constant log K	30.6b	36.5b	36.7a	41.0 a
Hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity log P	− 3b	4.3b	− 0.8b	− 1.87c
FDA approval	1968	2005	2011	In development
Treatment indication	Transfusional iron overloadd	Transfusional iron overloadd	Transfusional iron overload d	Anti-infectivee anti-inflammatoryf
Serious limitations and toxicities	Promotes infectionsg	Renal failureh,i	Agranulocytosish	None to date from oral and systemic animal testingj
Antimicrobial activity	Poor, promotes growth	Low	Very low (host toxic range)	Strong
MIC (µM) Gram-positive bacteria	> 913k	21l	575e	0.2e
MIC (µM) Gram-negative bacteria	> 913k	133m	287k	0.2o
MIC (µM) fungi	> 228n	67p	1151n	0.2n

^aGumbau-Brisa et al. (2020) 10.1007/s10534-020-00253-1

^bVlachodimitropoulou et al. (2017) https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/130/17/1923/36515/Eltrombopag-a-powerful-chelator-of-cellular-or

^cHolbein, unpublished CRO report: JBL-DMPK-0062-0016

^dFoley and Simeonov (2012)

^eParquet et al. (2018)

^fFokam, Dickson, et al. (2020) https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/6/283/htm

^gHolbein et al. (2021)

^hZeidan and Griffiths (2018) 10.1016/j.blre.2018.03.002

ⁱBadeli et al. (2019) 10.1155/2019/5461617

^jHolbein, unpublished CRO reports: SP-JBL/NG-RIVR-142 and JBL/NG-ROR-052

^kThompson et al. (2012)

^lNeupane and Kim (2010)

^mLuo et al. (2014)

ⁿSavage et al. (2018)

^oParquet et al. (2019)

^pIbrahim et al. (2010) https://academic.oup.com/jac/article/65/2/289/685542?login=true