TABLE 2.

Descriptive statistics of aflatoxin B1 (AFB₁) and fumonisins (FBs, intended as the sum of FB₁ + FB₂) levels of contamination (μg/kg) in maize grain samples collected in Emilia Romagna, Italy, over the years 2005–2018 (with some exceptions both for AFB₁ and for FBs).

Data set	Year	N.*	%positives§	Mean	StDev	Minimum	Maximum
AFB1
	2005	70	41.4	13.8	29.65	<0.05	154.9
	2006	25	24.0	18.8	52.78	<0.05	258.3
	2007	29	27.6	8.34	18.50	<0.05	68.43
	2008	40	40.0	9.11	16.99	<0.05	93.79
	2009	31	29.0	23.3	88.51	<0.15	494.3
	2010	35	28.0	14.4	36.60	<0.05	173.3
	2011	31	12.9	14.9	61.03	<0.05	334.8
	2014	26	23.1	10.2	23.17	<0.15	93.77
	2015	15	20.0	11.2	32.34	<0.05	129.3
	2016	20	45.0	30.4	62.33	0.42	208.3
	2017	28	50.0	22.3	29.15	<0.05	116.2
	2018	28	25.0	5.76	13.09	<0.05	65.00
	Total	378	35.54	14.66	42.59	<0.05	494.3
FB1 + FB2
	2009	31	16.1	2,721.93	2,423.335	139.3	8,829.7
	2010	36	40.0	3,975.79	3,221.642	142.7	12,637.0
	2011	30	6.67	2,344.87	3,689.235	74.0	21,007.0
	2014	45	84.4	17,586.88	18,300.650	1718.4	106,053.5
	2016	21	19.0	3,035.33	3,251.853	204.3	14,020.8
	2017	29	13.8	2,643.91	3,107.761	<10.0	14,767.4
	2018	33	21.2	3,846.22	6,298.140	51.8	29,632.7
	Total	225	38.22	6,029.34	10,566.241	<10.0	106,053.5

The percentage of positive samples above the legal limits (5 and 4,000 μg/kg for AFB₁ and FBs, respectively; European Commission, 2006a, 2007) is reported. *N. = number of samples collected in the year; ^§ % of positive = % of fields with contamination above the legal limits.