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. 2021 Apr 9;12:639009. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639009

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Copyright © 2021 Huang, Hu, Shao, Wu, Zhang and Cao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of drug treatment on joint tissue morphology and apoptosis. Sprague-Dawley rats were induced by CIA for 14 days and subjected to daily drug administration at various doses for 20 consecutive days. (A) HE staining of the histopathology of joint tissues (scale bar, 50 μm). Eosinophils are indicated by black arrows and lymphocytes are indicated by red arrows. (B) Evaluation of inflammation score from the images of HE staining. (C) TUNEL staining of joint tissue apoptosis. Brown staining indicates apoptotic cells (scale bar, 50 μm). (D) Evaluation of the proportion of apoptotic cells from the images of TUNEL staining. All data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 sections). *p < 0.05. Low, medium, and high doses of COR and PAE were administered, but the medium doses (COR-M and PAE-M) were selected as representatives for analysis. CIA: collagen-induced arthritis; COR: Cornus officinalis; PAE: Paeonia lactiflora; PF: paeoniflorin; UA: ursolic acid; DEX: dexamethasone.