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. 2021 Apr 9;12:639009. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639009

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Copyright © 2021 Huang, Hu, Shao, Wu, Zhang and Cao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Transmission electron microscopy of mitochondrial morphology in synovial tissues. Sprague-Dawley rats were induced by CIA for 14 days and subjected to daily drug administration at various doses for 20 consecutive days. Selected areas in the microscopic images were magnified to show details of mitochondrial structure (scale bar, 500 nm). Arrows marked by “Fi” indicate areas where mitochondrial fission has occurred. Low, medium, and high doses of COR and PAE were administered, but the medium doses (COR-M and PAE-M) were selected as representatives for analysis. CIA: collagen-induced arthritis; COR: Cornus officinalis; PAE: Paeonia lactiflora; PF: paeoniflorin; UA: ursolic acid; DEX: dexamethasone.