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. 2021 Apr 9;12:663102. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663102

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Copyright © 2021 Feng and Lu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Roles that dopamine receptors play in macrophages. (A)The activation of D2-like DRs can regulate the phagocytic activity of macrophages through β-arrestin2 pathway, and reduce the secretion of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ. (B) LPS increases TNF - α production via TLRs and mediates activation of STAT3, which can be inhibited by D5R signaling. (C) Dopamine reduces the production of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 through D5R. (D) D1R/cAMP/C/EBPϵ signaling increases IL-10 production, thus inhibiting LPS-mediated production of TNF-α.