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. 2021 Apr 9;15:629279. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.629279

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Copyright © 2021 Banerjee, Lu, Do, Mize, Wu, Chen and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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In vitro activation and polarization of iMG cells. The morphology of iMG cells was captured after stimulation with LPS or IL-4 for 24 h. (A) Control iMG cells without any treatment, (B) iMG cells stimulated with 10 μg/ml LPS showing hyper-ramification as indicated with arrows, (C) iMG cells stimulated with 20 ng/ml IL-4 showing ameboid structure as indicated with arrows. Changes in gene expression were analyzed by qRT-PCR showed (D) increased TNF-α levels in LPS-stimulated iMG cells and (E) increased CD206 levels in IL-4-stimulated iMG cells. The experiments were all repeated at least three times. Data were represented as a mean ± SD. Significance between groups were determined by ANOVA test, where ** denoted p < 0.005.