Table 1.

Comparison of dental simulators.

Characteristic			DentSim		Virtual Education System for Dentistry		IDEAa		Periosim		iDental		Simodont Dental Trainer		VirTeaSy		IDEALb		Voxel-Man
Hardware facility
	Display type	2D display+ phantom head		2D display+ phantom head		2D display		3D glasses+ 2D display		2D display		3D glasses+ 2D display		3D glasses+ 2D display		2D display+ phantom head		3D glasses+ 2D display
	Operation with two hands	Available		Available		Available		Available		Available		Available		No		Available		Available
	Fixed finger rest	Yes		Yes		No		No		Yes		Yes		Yes		No		No
	Ergonomic postures	Yes		Yes		No		No		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes
Software design
	Application field	Tooth preparation		Crown preparation		Manual dexterity training		Periodontal training		Periodontal training		Caries removal and crown preparation		Dental implant surgery		Dental radiography		Dental surgery
	Fundamental skills	Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes
	Clinical cases	No		No		No		No		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		No
	Exam simulation	Yes		Yes		No		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes
	Repetitive practice	No		No		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes
	Practice at different levels	No		No		Yes		No		Yes		Yes		Yes		No		Yes
	Individualized learning	No		No		No		No		No		No		Yes		No		No
	Result evaluation	Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		No		Yes		Yes		Yes
	Force feedback	Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes
VRc immersive level			Nond		Non		Non		Non		Non		Non		Non		Non		Non

^aIDEA: Individual Dental Education Assistant.

^bIDEAL: Internet of Things–based dental education and learning.

^cVR: virtual reality.

^dNon: nonimmersive.