Table 3.
Significantly enriched metabolic pathway (FDR = 0.05) using the list of DEGs identified in liver tissue under different heat-stressed conditions.
| Metabolic pathway | Number* | FDR |
|---|---|---|
| CT vs. H30 | ||
| Metabolic pathways | 72 | 3.21E−10 |
| Oxidative phosphorylation | 16 | 1.74E−05 |
| Thermogenesis | 21 | 1.74E−05 |
| Fatty acid metabolism | 10 | 2.14E−05 |
| PPAR signaling pathway | 12 | 2.14E−05 |
| Parkinson disease | 15 | 1.13E−04 |
| Ribosome | 14 | 1.33E−03 |
| Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids | 6 | 1.53E−03 |
| Fatty acid degradation | 7 | 2.41E−03 |
| Glycerolipid metabolism | 8 | 2.80E−03 |
| Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis | 5 | 2.86E−03 |
| Carbon metabolism | 11 | 3.28E−03 |
| Tryptophan metabolism | 6 | 1.62E−02 |
| Valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation | 6 | 3.20E−02 |
| Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism | 5 | 4.64E−02 |
| Pathway | Number* | FDR |
| CT vs. H60 | ||
| Metabolic pathways | 100 | 1.32E−11 |
| Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | 24 | 2.86E−07 |
| Oxidative phosphorylation | 21 | 2.35E−06 |
| Thermogenesis | 28 | 2.35E−06 |
| Parkinson disease | 21 | 5.72E−06 |
| PPAR signaling pathway | 14 | 5.31E−05 |
| Huntington disease | 21 | 3.31E−04 |
| Retinol metabolism | 11 | 7.75E−04 |
| Ribosome | 18 | 9.05E−04 |
| Pyruvate metabolism | 8 | 1.52E−03 |
| Alzheimer disease | 18 | 2.62E−03 |
| Chemical carcinogenesis | 10 | 8.62E−03 |
| Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling | 15 | 1.41E−02 |
| Tryptophan metabolism | 7 | 3.01E−02 |
| Insulin resistance | 11 | 3.27E−02 |
| Steroid hormone biosynthesis | 8 | 3.32E−02 |
| Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis | 8 | 3.85E−02 |
| Fatty acid metabolism | 7 | 4.70E−02 |
| Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis | 13 | 4.70E−02 |
| Tight junction | 14 | 4.70E−02 |
| Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism | 6 | 4.70E−02 |
| Adipocytokine signaling pathway | 8 | 5.00E−02 |
| Apoptosis | 12 | 5.00E−02 |
| Drug metabolism—cytochrome P450 | 7 | 5.00E−02 |
| CT vs. H120 | ||
| Metabolic pathways | 59 | 9.86E−08 |
| Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis | 7 | 1.60E−05 |
| PPAR signaling pathway | 11 | 4.64E−05 |
| Fatty acid metabolism | 9 | 5.86E−05 |
| Steroid hormone biosynthesis | 9 | 1.88E−04 |
| Pyruvate metabolism | 7 | 3.56E−04 |
| Steroid biosynthesis | 5 | 1.15E−03 |
| TH17 cell differentiation | 10 | 1.64E−03 |
| Antigen processing and presentation | 8 | 4.83E−03 |
| Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids | 5 | 5.43E−03 |
| Glycerolipid metabolism | 7 | 5.43E−03 |
| Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis | 7 | 6.10E−03 |
| Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum | 11 | 7.81E−03 |
| Bile secretion | 7 | 1.00E−02 |
| Carbon metabolism | 9 | 1.26E−02 |
| AMPK signaling pathway | 9 | 1.41E−02 |
| FoxO signaling pathway | 9 | 1.49E−02 |
| Fatty acid degradation | 5 | 2.76E−02 |
| Circadian rhythm | 4 | 3.60E−02 |
| Adipocytokine signaling pathway | 6 | 3.60E−02 |
Number of genes enriched in the pathway. DEGs, differentially expressed genes; FDR, false discovery rate. CT means rats were kept at 22 ± 1°C and relative humidity of 50%; H30, H60, and H120 mean rats were housed at 42°C for 30, 60, and 120 min and relative humidity of 50%, respectively. The pathway colored with blue means these pathways were commonly shared among CT vs. H30, CT vs. H60, and CT vs. H120 comparisons. Pathway colored with light orange means these pathways were shared by two comparisons. Noncolored pathway means these pathways were treatment-specific enriched. Red words indicate that the pathway was commonly enriched by genes identified in blood, liver, and adrenal gland tissues; pink words indicate the pathway was commonly enriched by genes identified in blood and liver; green words indicate the pathway was commonly enriched by genes identified in liver and adrenal gland tissues; black words indicate the pathway was specifically enriched in liver.