Table 3. Proportion of Each Race Enrolled in Clinical Trials Leading to Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Diabetic Retinopathy, and Glaucoma NME Approvals Over Time.
| Disease, race | Individuals, No. (%) | OR (95% CI) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US prevalence | Clinical trials | |||||
| 5-Category prevalencea | NEIb | 2000-2010 | 2011-2020 | |||
| Age-related macular degeneration | ||||||
| Asian | 74 589 (2.87) | NA | 287 (5.19) | 472 (11.16) | 2.30 (1.97-2.68) | <.001 |
| Black | 188 109 (7.23) | 92 035 (4.45) | 9 (0.16) | 11 (0.26) | 1.60 (0.60-4.38) | .29 |
| White | 2 026 429 (77.85) | 1 850 413 (89.42) | 5064 (91.51) | 3599 (85.10) | 0.53 (0.47-0.60) | <.001 |
| Hispanic or Latinx | 291 574 (11.20) | 76 202 (3.68) | 315 (5.69) | 402 (9.51) | 1.74 (1.49-2.03) | <.001 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | ||||||
| Asian | NA | NA | 32 (4.22) | 112 (8.86) | 2.21 (1.46-3.42) | <.001 |
| Black | NA | 826 102 (10.75) | 93 (12.25) | 94 (7.44) | 0.58 (0.42-0.79) | <.001 |
| White | NA | 5 251 907 (68.34) | 603 (79.45) | 1015 (80.30) | 1.05 (0.84-1.33) | .64 |
| Hispanic or Latinx | NA | 1 194 231 (15.54) | 170 (22.40) | 264 (20.89) | 0.91 (0.73-1.14) | .42 |
| Open-angle glaucoma | ||||||
| Asian | 988 223 (4.33) | NA | 42 (0.90) | 54 (1.24) | 1.39 (0.91-2.14) | .11 |
| Black | 4 908 301 (21.50) | 520 044 (19.12) | 682 (14.55) | 930 (21.38) | 1.60 (1.43-1.78) | <.001 |
| White | 13 530 595 (59.27) | 1 790 551 (65.84) | 3773 (80.48) | 3289 (75.63) | 0.75 (0.68-0.83) | <.001 |
| Hispanic or Latinx | 3 141 202 (13.76) | 223 551 (8.22) | 74 (1.58) | 617 (14.19) | 10.31 (8.05-13.35) | <.001 |