Table 4. Adjusted Associations Between Maternal and Neonatal COVID-19 Diagnosis With Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality^a.

Maternal and neonatal COVID-19 diagnosis	No. (%)	RR (95% CI)
		SNMIb	SPMMIc	NICU stay ≥7 d
Not-diagnosed mother and neonate	1462 (66.7)	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Diagnosed mother but neonate not tested	313 (14.3)	1.40 (0.72-2.70)	1.68 (1.20-2.37)	1.02 (0.60-1.83)
Diagnosed mother but test-negative neonate	362 (16.5)	4.00 (2.29-6.97)	2.31 (1.69-3.17)	3.13 (2.10-4.65)
Diagnosed mother and test-positive neonate	54 (2.5)	4.13 (1.69-10.08)	3.46 (2.13-5.63)	6.03 (3.35-10.86)

Abbreviations: NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; RR, relative risk; SNMI, severe neonatal morbidity index; SPMMI, severe perinatal morbidity and mortality index.

^aModels adjusted for country, month entering study, maternal age, and history of maternal morbidity (including diabetes, thyroid and other endocrine disorders, cardiac disease, hypertension, chronic respiratory disease, kidney disease, malaria, or tuberculosis).

^bSNMI includes at least 1 of the following morbidities: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, sepsis, anemia requiring transfusion, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, or retinopathy of prematurity.

^cSPMMI includes any of the morbidities listed in the SNMI, intrauterine or neonatal death, or NICU stay ≥7 days.