Table 2.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors According to Diabetes Subgroup
| Older onset | Severe hyperglycemia | Severe obesity | Younger onset | Insulin use | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | 554 | 340 | 259 | 19 | 121 |
| Risk factors | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | |||||
| Adjusted predicted mean (SE) a | 130.4 (128.6, 132.3) | 132.6 (130.4, 134.7) | 134.0 (131.6, 136.4) | 129.7 (119.6, 139.7) | 131.8 (128, 135.6) |
| Difference (95% CI) | Reference | 2.1 (−1.0, 5.3) | 3.6 (0.5, 6.7) | −0.8 (−11.4, 9.9) | 1.4 (−3.2, 6.0) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | |||||
| Adjusted predicted mean (SE) a | 72 (71.1, 72.9) | 73.7 (72.6, 74.8) | 72.8 (71.7, 74) | 74.2 (69.2, 79.2) | 72.9 (71.0, 74.8) |
| Difference (95% CI) | Reference | 1.7 (0.2, 3.3) | 0.8 (−0.7, 2.4) | 2.2 (−3.1, 7.5) | 0.9 (−1.3, 3.2) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | |||||
| Adjusted predicted mean (SE) a | 4.73 (4.63, 4.82) | 5.02 (4.91, 5.14) | 4.85 (4.73, 4.97) | 4.74 (4.23, 5.26) | 4.91 (4.71, 5.11) |
| Difference (95% CI) | Reference | 0.30 (0.14, 0.46) | 0.12 (−0.04, 0.28) | 0.01 (−0.53, 0.56) | 0.18 (−0.06, 0.42) |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | |||||
| Adjusted predicted mean (SE) a | 1.27 (1.24, 1.29) | 1.18 (1.15, 1.21) | 1.12 (1.08, 1.16) | 1.18 (1.02, 1.34) | 1.16 (1.09, 1.22) |
| Difference (95% CI) | Reference | −0.09 (−0.14, −0.04) | −0.15 (−0.20, −0.10) | −0.09 (−0.26, 0.08) | −0.11 (−0.18, −0.04) |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | |||||
| Adjusted predicted mean (SE) a | 2.81 (2.72, 2.89) | 2.90 (2.81, 3.00) | 2.92 (2.82, 3.03) | 2.67 (2.23, 3.11) | 2.83 (2.66, 3.00) |
| Difference (95% CI) | Reference | 0.09 (−0.04, 0.24) | 0.12 (−0.02, 0.26) | −0.13 (−0.60, 0.34) | 0.02 (−0.18, 0.23) |
| 10-year predicted ASCVDb | |||||
| Adjusted predicted mean (SE) a | 19.5 (18.6, 20.4) | 23.5 (22.4, 24.6) | 21.8 (20.6, 23.0) | 15.4 (10.4, 20.5) | 22.6 (20.7, 24.6) |
| Difference (95% CI) | Reference | 4 (2.4, 5.6) | 2.3 (0.7, 3.8) | −4.1 (−9.4, 1.3) | 3.1 (0.8, 5.5) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | |||||
| Adjusted predicted mean (SE) a | 80.5 (79.0, 82.0) | 85.8 (84.1, 87.6) | 78.9 (77.0, 80.8) | 85.3 (77.2, 93.4) | 77.5 (74.4, 80.6) |
| Difference (95% CI) | Reference | 5.3 (2.8, 7.9) | −1.6 (−4.1, 0.9) | 4.8 (−3.8, 13.4) | −3.0 (−6.7, 0.7) |
Abbreviations: ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
a Adjustments include examination age, sex, race/ethnicity, diabetes medication use, educational attainment, smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity, blood pressure and cholesterol-lowering medication use, and diabetes duration
b Calculated using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association equation