Table 3.
Prevalence and Incidence of Diabetes Complications According to Diabetes Subgroup
| Prevalent/incident outcome | Older onset | Severe hyperglycemia | Severe obesity | Younger onset | Insulin use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalent CKDa at examination 1 | |||||
| Cases / at risk | 104 / 553 | 10 / 340 | 28 / 259 | 2 / 19 | 32 / 121 |
| Adjusted predicted probability, % (SE) b | 14.1 (11.3, 17.0) | 5.2 (2.1, 8.2) | 16.8 (11.7, 21.9) | 11.5 (−6.1, 29.1) | 18.8 (11.4, 26.2) |
| Difference, % (95% CI) | Reference | −9.0 (−13.5, −4.5) | 2.7 (−3.3, 8.6) | −2.7 (−21.2, 15.9) | 4.7 (−4.0, 13.3) |
| Incident CKD | |||||
| Cases / at risk | 79 / 414 | 40 / 302 | 30 / 206 | 2 / 17 | 25 / 74 |
| Adjusted predicted probability, % (SE) b | 17.1 (13.2, 20.9) | 15.0 (10.4, 19.6) | 17.4 (11.9, 22.9) | 10.6 (−4.7, 25.8) | 23.3 (13.9, 32.7) |
| Difference, % (95% CI) | Reference | −2.0 (−8.6, 4.6) | 0.3 (−6.4, 7.1) | −6.5 (−23.2, 10.2) | 6.3 (−4.7, 17.2) |
| Prevalent CAC>0 AU at examination 1 | |||||
| Cases / at risk | 356 / 553 | 187 / 340 | 141 / 258 | 13 / 19 | 85 / 121 |
| Adjusted predicted probability, % (SE) b | 57.4 (53.0, 61.8) | 61.1 (56.2, 66.0) | 62.0 (56.6, 67.4) | 71.7 (51.4, 92.0) | 68.4 (59.8, 77.0) |
| Difference, % (95% CI) | Reference | 3.7 (−3.4, 10.8) | 4.6 (−2.3, 11.6) | 14.3 (−7.4, 36.1) | 11.0 (0.6, 21.4) |
| Prevalent CAC>100 AU at examination 1 | |||||
| Cases / at risk | 218 / 553 | 89 / 340 | 68 / 258 | 9 / 19 | 51 / 121 |
| Adjusted predicted probability, % (SE) b | 33.6 (29.5, 37.6) | 31.1 (26.0, 36.3) | 33.5 (27.6, 39.3) | 47.7 (23.9, 71.5) | 37.1 (28.3, 46.0) |
| Difference, % (95% CI) | Reference | −2.4 (−9.6, 4.7) | −0.1 (−7.3, 7.1) | 14.1 (−11.0, 39.3) | 3.6 (−6.9, 14.1) |
| Incident CAC>0 AU | |||||
| Cases / at risk | 43 / 180 | 45 / 143 | 28 / 106 | 1 / 6 | 10 / 30 |
| Adjusted predicted probability, % (SE) b | 23.1 (16.2, 30.0) | 33.0 (24.6, 41.5) | 28.9 (20.0, 37.8) | 7.7 (−12.0, 27.4) | 29.3 (12.6, 46.0) |
| Difference, % (95% CI) | Reference | 9.9 (−2.1, 22.0) | 5.8 (−5.7, 17.3) | −15.4 (−37.8, 7.0) | 6.2 (−13.0, 25.4) |
Abbreviations: AU, Agatston units; CAC, coronary artery calcium, CKD, chronic kidney disease
a CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2
b Adjustments include examination 1 values for age, sex, race/ethnicity, diabetes medication use, educational attainment, smoking status, alcohol use, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, physical activity, blood pressure and cholesterol-lowering medication use, and diabetes duration