Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants according to glucose status at baseline
| Variable | Overall (n = 8062) |
Normoglycemia (n = 1738) |
Pre-DM (n = 3372) |
DM (n = 2952) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 57.8 ± 10.3 | 54.4 ± 10.8 | 58.4 ± 9.8 | 59.1 ± 10.1 | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 5784 (71.7) | 1331 (76.6) | 2377 (70.5) | 2076 (70.3) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 5074 (62.9) | 972 (55.9) | 2006 (59.5) | 2096 (71.0) | < 0.001 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 3381 (41.9) | 789 (45.4) | 1396 (41.4) | 1196 (40.5) | 0.004 |
| Family history of CAD, n (%) | 1135 (14.1) | 267 (15.4) | 472 (14.0) | 396 (13.4) | 0.166 |
| Prior PCI, n (%) | 2143 (26.6) | 401 (23.1) | 873 (25.9) | 869 (29.4) | < 0.001 |
| Prior CABG, n (%) | 206 (2.6) | 21 (1.2) | 84 (2.5) | 101 (3.4) | < 0.001 |
| Prior MI, n (%) | 2243 (27.8) | 488 (28.1) | 934 (27.7) | 821 (27.8) | 0.945 |
| Prior stroke, n (%) | 295 (3.7) | 56 (3.2) | 118 (3.5) | 121 (4.1) | 0.252 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.88 ± 3.17 | 25.43 ± 3.12 | 25.70 ± 3.18 | 26.35 ± 3.13 | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 127 ± 17 | 125 ± 17 | 126 ± 17 | 129 ± 17 | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 78 ± 11 | 78 ± 11 | 77 ± 11 | 78 ± 11 | 0.013 |
| LVEF, % | 64.11 ± 6.86 | 64.39 ± 6.68 | 64.29 ± 6.93 | 63.75 ± 6.87 | 0.001 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 323.7 (59.6–571.0) | 163.0 (46.9-489.7) | 352.6 (64.1-590.3) | 368.0 (67.1-602.6) | < 0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.86 ± 1.77 | 4.81 ± 0.44 | 5.25 ± 0.63 | 7.18 ± 2.26 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.32 ± 1.10 | 5.37 ± 0.24 | 5.93 ± 0.27 | 7.32 ± 1.21 | < 0.001 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.13 ± 1.16 | 4.06 ± 1.15 | 4.18 ± 1.14 | 4.10 ± 1.18 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.06 ± 0.29 | 1.06 ± 0.30 | 1.08 ± 0.29 | 1.03 ± 0.28 | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.50 ± 1.00 | 2.47 ± 1.06 | 2.54 ± 0.95 | 2.46 ± 1.01 | 0.002 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.49 (1.10–2.08) | 1.40 (1.01–1.98) | 1.49 (1.10–2.03) | 1.56 (1.17–2.20) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, umol/L | 77.79 ± 18.20 | 77.99 ± 15.76 | 77.44 ± 18.37 | 78.08 ± 19.32 | 0.328 |
| HsCRP, mg/L | 1.35 (0.74–2.80) | 1.08 (0.64–2.19) | 1.36 (0.74–2.87) | 1.52 (0.83–3.13) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline medications | |||||
| Aspirin, n (%) | 6053 (75.1) | 1296 (74.6) | 2525 (74.9) | 2232 (75.6) | 0.691 |
| Statins, n (%) | 6195 (76.8) | 1317 (75.8) | 2590 (76.8) | 2288 (77.5) | 0.518 |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 1728 (21.4) | 315 (18.1) | 708 (21.0) | 705 (23.9) | < 0.001 |
| β-blockers, n (%) | 3364 (41.7) | 624 (35.9) | 1447 (42.9) | 1293 (43.8) | < 0.001 |
| CCB, n (%) | 1597 (19.8) | 311 (17.9) | 658 (19.5) | 628 (21.3) | 0.070 |
| Follow-up medications | |||||
| Aspirin, n (%) | 7991 (99.1) | 1722 (99.1) | 3338 (99.0) | 2931 (99.3) | 0.451 |
| Statins, n (%) | 7807 (96.8) | 1679 (96.6) | 3274 (97.1) | 2854 (96.7) | 0.531 |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 3822 (47.4) | 744 (42.8) | 1528 (45.3) | 1550 (52.5) | < 0.001 |
| β-blockers, n (%) | 6275 (77.8) | 1283 (73.8) | 2607 (77.3) | 2385 (80.8) | < 0.001 |
| CCB, n(%) | 3119 (38.7) | 603 (34.7) | 1285 (38.1) | 1231 (41.7) | < 0.001 |
Continuous values are summarized as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range) and categorical variables as percentage
ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers, BMI body mass index, CCB calcium channel blockers, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, DM diabetes mellitus, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HsCRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MI myocardial infarction, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, SBP systolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride