Table 1.
Participant demographics and clinical characteristics
| Non-KD reference | Non-dialysis kidney disease | HD | PD | KTRs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 1–2 | Stage 3 | Stage 4 | Stage 5ND | |||||
| N = 853 | N = 72 | N = 182 | N = 194 | N = 82 | N = 630 | N = 28 | N = 230 | |
| Age (years) | 46.6 (16.1) | 46.0 (16.2) | 64.2 (14.9) | 70.7 (15.1) | 66.0 (18.0) | 63.0 (14.6) | 55.1 (18.2) | 51.8 (13.5) |
| Sex (male n, %) | 232 (27%) | 36 (50%) | 99 (54%) | 105 (54%) | 57 (63%) | 395 (63%) | 17 (61%) | 143 (62%) |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| White British (n, %) | 607 (72%) | 55 (78%) | 162 (90%) | 175 (91%) | 73 (81%) | 391 (63%) | 17 (63%) | 181 (79%) |
| South Asian (n, %) | 96 (11%) | 8 (11%) | 7 (4%) | 12 (6%) | 7 (8%) | 91 (15%) | 6 (22%) | 24 (11%) |
| Other (n, %) | 137 (16%) | 8 (11%) | 12 (7%) | 6 (3%) | 10 (11%) | 140 (23%) | 4 (15%) | 24 (11%) |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | a | 77.6 (11.7) | 41.0 (7.9) | 22.7 (4.1) | 11.8 (2.8) | – | – | 46.8 (22.0) |
| CRP (mg/L) | a | 10.4 (23.5) | 11.0 (19.4) | 18.4 (56.1) | 11.6 (16.0) | 18.9 (34.5) | 22.3 (39.5) | 13.9 (32.4) |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | a | 136.8 (157.5) | 88.0 (55.9) | 93.8 (47.6) | 98.8 (34.6) | 103.4 (40.5) | 101.8 (21.9) | 100.5 (48.2) |
| Albumin (g/dL) | a | 41.7 (4.1) | 41.0 (6.3) | 40.9 (4.5) | 40.1 (5.6) | 38.6 (5.0) | 36.2 (5.7) | 42.1 (5.9) |
| HbA1C (%) | a | 5.7 (0.9) | 6.9 (1.6) | 6.8 (1.5) | 6.8 (1.9) | 6.5 (1.6) | 6.8 (1.6) | 6.0 (1.3) |
| Dialysis vintage (mths) | a | b | b | b | b | 40.8 (46.0) | 12.3 (20.7) | – |
| Transplant vintage (mths) | a | b | b | b | b | b | b | 67.5 (80.6) |
| Kt/V (ratio) | a | b | b | b | b | 1.81 (5.85) | a | b |
| URR (%) | a | b | b | b | b | 99.5 (451.3) | a | b |
| No. of comorbidities | 1.2 (1.4) | 1.6 (1.7) | 3.5 (2.8) | 4.6 (2.6) | 4.2 (2.0) | 2.5 (1.7) | 3.2 (1.9) | 2.7 (2.1) |
| Hypertension (n, %) | a | 27 (28%) | 121 (67%) | 144 (74%) | 63 (70%) | 409 (65%) | 20 (71%) | 141 (61%) |
| Other CVD (n, %) | 66 (8%) | 7 (10%) | 46 (25%) | 73 (38%) | 29 (35%) | 243 (39%) | 5 (18%) | 29 (13%) |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 35 (4%) | 6 (8%) | 47 (26%) | 81 (41%) | 36 (40%) | 261 (41%) | 12 (43%) | 53 (23%) |
| MSK problems (n, %) | 233 (27%) | 7 (10%) | 44 (24%) | 55 (28%) | 20 (22%) | 70 (11%) | 11 (39%) | 45 (20%) |
| Respiratory conditions (n, %) | 109 (13%) | 6 (8%) | 23 (13%) | 27 (14%) | 10 (11%) | 64 (10%) | 2 (7%) | 15 (7%) |
Data shown as mean and standard deviation, unless otherwise stated. Frequencies reported as number and valid percentage. KD Kidney disease, ND Non-dialysis, HD Haemodialysis, PD Peritoneal dialysis, KTRs Kidney transplant recipients, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, CRP C-reactive protein, URR Urea reduction ratio. a = not measured; b = not applicable to group. Other CVD includes heart disease and stroke; respiratory conditions include chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and asthma