Table 1.
Clinical and conventional MRI characteristics of children with MB
| Characteristics | Training cohort (n = 60) | p value | Internal validation cohort (n = 24) | p value | External validation cohort (n = 40) | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-metastasis (n = 38, %) | Metastasis (n = 22, %) | Non-metastasis (n = 15, %) | Metastasis (n= 9, %) | Non-metastasis (n =27, %) | Metastasis (n= 13, %) | ||||
| Age (mean ± SD, years) | 6.2 ± 3.5 | 4.3 ± 2.5- | 0.028 | 5.1 ±2.9 | 3.6 ±1.7 | 0.154 | 6.3 ±3.4 | 6.4 ±3.3 | 0.937 |
| Gender (%) | 1.000 | 0.597 | 0.360 | ||||||
| Male | 26 (68.4) | 15 (68.2) | 7 (46.7) | 6 (66.7) | 13 (48.1) | 9 (69.2) | |||
| Female | 12 (31.6) | 7 (31.8) | 8 (53.3) | 3 (33.3) | 14 (51.9) | 4 (30.8) | |||
| Histopathologic subtype (%) | 0.632 | 0.444 | 0.748 | ||||||
| Classic | 33 (86.8) | 17 (77.3) | 10 (66.7) | 8 (88.9) | 21 (77.8) | 11 (84.6) | |||
| Large cell/anaplastic | 1 (2.6) | 1 (4.5) | 4 (26.7) | 1 (11.1) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) | |||
| Desmoplastic-nodule | 4 (10.5) | 4 (18.2) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (18.5) | 2 (15.4) | |||
| Location (%) | 1.0000 | 0.507 | 1 | ||||||
| Midline | 34 (89.5) | 20 (90.9) | 15 (100.0) | 9 (100.0) | 24 (88.9) | 11 (84.6) | |||
| Nonmidline | 4 (10.5) | 2 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (11.1) | 2 (15.4) | |||
| Enhancement pattern (%) | 0.4032 | 0.052 | 0.399 | ||||||
| Diffuse | 23 (60.5) | 17 (77.3) | 8 (53.3) | 9 (100.0) | 17 (63.0) | 10 (76.9) | |||
| Incomplete | 10 (26.3) | 3 (13.6) | 4 (26.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (11.1) | 2 (15.4) | |||
| Minimal | 5 (13.2) | 2 (9.1) | 3 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (25.9) | 1 (7.7) | |||
| Necrosis or cyst(%) | 0.8664 | 0.729 | 0.311 | ||||||
| None | 5 (13.2) | 2 (9.1) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (7.7) | |||
| Small | 22 (57.9) | 14 (63.6) | 8 (53.3) | 5 (55.6) | 22 (81.5) | 9 (69.2) | |||
| Both | 11 (28.9) | 6 (27.3) | 6 (40.0) | 4 (44.4) | 5 (18.5) | 3 (23.1) | |||
| minADC (mean ± SD) mm2/s) | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.191 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.0212 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.171 |
minADC minimal apparent diffusion coefficient