TABLE 2.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Sample size | Design | Median age, yr (IQR) | Male |
Black ethnicity |
No. of HIV/AIDS patients: |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | Total |
CD4 cell counts <200 cells/μL |
Receiving ART |
|||||||
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | ||||||||
| Berenguer J et al.21 2020 (Spain) | 4035 | Retrospective cohort | 70 (56–80) | 2433 | 61 | 12/3915 | 0.3 | 26/3962 | 0.7 | N/A | - | 21/25 | 84 |
| Bhaskaran K et al.17 2020 (England) | 17 282 905 | Retrospective cohort | 48 (40–55) | 8 632 666 | 49.9 | 340 114/17 282 905 | 1.9 | 27 480/17 282 905 | 0.1 | N/A | - | N/A | - |
| Boulle A et al.22 2020 (South Africa) | 22 308 | Retrospective cohort | 52 (37–63) | 7052 | 31.6 | N/A | - | 3978/22 308 | 17.8 | 70/199 | 35 | 56/70 | 80 |
| Braunstein SL et al.23 2020 (USA) | 204 422 | Retrospective cohort | 52 (47–65) | 105 024 | 51.3 | 32 491/204 422 | 15.8 | 2410/204 422 | 1.1 | 379/1419 | 26.7 | 1288/1447 | 89 |
| Cabello A et al.24 2020 (Spain) | 7061 | Retrospective cohort | 46 (37–56) | 6277 | 88.9 | N/A | - | 63/7061 | 0.9 | 17/63 | 26.7 | 61/63 | 96.8 |
| Chilimuri S et al.25 2020 (USA) | 375 | Retrospective cohort | 63 (52–72) | 236 | 63 | 93/375 | 25 | 22/375 | 6 | N/A | - | N/A | - |
| Docherty AB et al.26 2020 (England) | 20 133 | Prospective cohort | 72.9 (58–82) | 12 068 | 59.9 | N/A | - | 83/20 133 | 0.5 | N/A | - | N/A | - |
| El-Solh AA et al.27 2020 (USA) | 7816 | Retrospective cohort | 69 (60–74) | 7387 | 94.5 | 3264/7816 | 41.7 | 144/7816 | 1.8 | N/A | - | N/A | - |
| Garibaldi BT et al.28 2020 (USA) | 832 | Retrospective cohort | 63 (49–75) | 443 | 53.2 | 336/832 | 41 | 9/832 | 1 | N/A | - | N/A | - |
| Geretti AM et al.18 2020 (England) | 47 592 | Prospective cohort | 74 (60–84) | 27 248 | 57.2 | 1523/42 320 | 3.5 | 122/47 592 | 0.2 | N/A | - | 112/122 | 91.8 |
| Gudipati S et al.19 2020 (USA) | 65 271 | Prospective cohort | 52 (45–67) | 30 677 | 47 | 20 886/65 271 | 32 | 278/65 271 | 0.4 | 2/14 | 14.2 | 13/14 | 92.8 |
| Hadi YB et al.20 2020 (USA) | 50 167 | Retrospective cohort | 48 (29–67) | 22 636 | 45.1 | 12 729/50 167 | 25.3 | 404/50 167 | 0.8 | N/A | - | 284/404 | 70.2 |
| Harrison SL et al.29 2020 (USA) | 31 461 | Retrospective cohort | 50 (35–63) | 14 306 | 45.5 | 8758/31 461 | 27.8 | 226/31 461 | 0.7 | N/A | - | N/A | - |
| Hsu HE et al.30 2020 (USA) | 2729 | Retrospective cohort | 54 (40–68) | 1312 | 48.1 | 1218/2729 | 44.6 | 732/2729 | 2.7 | N/A | - | N/A | - |
| Huang J et al.31 2020 (China) | 50 333 | Retrospective cohort | 37 (29–52) | 5427 | 90.4 | N/A | - | 6001/50 333 | 11.9 | 613/5897 | 10.3 | 5527/6001 | 92.1 |
| Jassat W et al.32 2020 (South Africa) | 41 877 | Retrospective cohort | 52 (40–63) | 19 122 | 45.6 | 13 444/19 777 | 68 | 3077/35 550 | 8.7 | 401/1390 | 28.8 | 1271/1278 | 99.5 |
| Kabarriti R et al.33 2020 (USA) | 5902 | Retrospective cohort | 58 (44–71) | 2768 | 46.9 | 1935/5902 | 32.7 | 92 | 1.6 | N/A | - | N/A | - |
| Karmen-Tuohy S et al.34 2020 (USA) | 63 | Retrospective cohort | 60 (41–81) | 57 | 90.4 | 9 | 14.2 | 21/63 | 33.3 | 6/19 | 31.5 | 21/21 | 100 |
| Kim D et al.35 2020 (USA) | 867 | Retrospective cohort | 57 (46–71) | 473 | 54.7 | 267/867 | 30.8 | 24/867 | 2.8 | N/A | - | N/A | - |
| Lee SG et al.36 2020 (Korea) | 7339 | Retrospective cohort | 47 (28–66) | 2970 | 40.1 | N/A | - | 4/7339 | 0.1 | N/A | - | N/A | - |
| Maciel EL et al.37 2020 (Brazil) | 440 | Retrospective cohort | 53 (42–68) | 240 | 57.1 | 158/279 | 56.6 | 4/440 | 1 | N/A | - | N/A | - |
| Marcello RK et al.38 2020 (USA) | 13 442 | Retrospective cohort | 52 (39–64) | 7481 | 56 | 3518/13 442 | 26.1 | 159/13 442 | 2 | N/A | - | N/A | - |
| Miyashita H et al.39 2020 (USA) | 8912 | Retrospective cohort | 55 (42–69) | 4922 | 55.2 | N/A | - | 161/8912 | 1.8 | N/A | - | N/A | - |
| Ombajo LA et al.40 2020 (Kenya) | 787 | Retrospective cohort | 43 (33–54) | 505 | 64 | N/A | - | 53/787 | 7 | N/A | - | N/A | - |
| Parker A et al.41 2020 (South Africa) | 113 | Retrospective cohort | 48 (34–62) | 45 | 38.9 | N/A | - | 24/113 | 21.2 | N/A | - | 17/24 | 70.8 |
| Sigel K et al.42 2020 (USA) | 493 | Retrospective cohort | 61 (54–67) | 374 | 75.8 | 205/493 | 41.5 | 88/493 | 17.8 | 24/57 | 42.1 | 88/88 | 100 |
| Stoeckle K et al.43 2020 (USA) | 120 | Retrospective cohort | 60 (56–70) | 96 | 80 | 36/100 | 36 | 30/120 | 25 | 7/27 | 25.9 | 29/30 | 96.6 |
| Tesoriero JM et al.44 2020 (USA) | 377 245 | Retrospective cohort | 53 (45–67) | 51 | 70.5 vs 50.5 | 192 646 | 51 | 2988/377 245 | 0.8 | 270/2887 | 9.3 | 2834/2988 | 94.8 |
USA, United States of America; ART, antiretroviral therapy; HIV/AIDS, human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; IQR, interquartile range; N/A, not applicable.