Table 2.
Independent Variable | Model 1a | p-value | Model 2b | p-value | Model 3c | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Race | 1.52 (1.32 – 1.75) | <0.001 | 1.42 (1.22 – 1.66) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.11 – 1.52) | 0.001 |
Age | 1.03 (1.02 – 1.04) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.02 – 1.04) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.02 – 1.04) | <0.001 |
Married | 1.02 (0.89 – 1.18) | 0.743 | 1.06 (0.92 – 1.22) | 0.415 | ||
Education Level | ||||||
Less than high school graduate | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
High school graduate/GED | 0.88 (0.72 – 1.07) | 0.198 | 0.87 (0.71 – 1.07) | 0.188 | ||
More than high school graduate | 0.80 (0.66 – 0.97) | 0.024 | 0.83 (0.67 – 1.02) | 0.076 | ||
Annual Household Income | ||||||
Less than $34,999 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
$35,000 - $74,999 | 1.09 (0.93 – 1.28) | 0.270 | 1.07 (0.90 – 1.28) | 0.455 | ||
$75,000 and over | 0.78 (0.58 – 1.05) | 0.104 | 0.82 (0.61 – 1.09) | 0.173 | ||
Missing | 0.80 (0.53 – 1.22) | 0.303 | 0.78 (0.46 – 1.32) | 0.354 | ||
Health Insurance | 1.73 (0.67 – 4.47) | 0.253 | ||||
Smoking | ||||||
Never smoker | 1.00 | |||||
Former smoker | 1.09 (0.90 – 1.32) | 0.369 | ||||
Current smoker | 0.97 (0.65 – 1.45) | 0.867 | ||||
Alcohol | ||||||
Non-drinker | 1.00 | |||||
Former drinker | 0.89 (0.72 – 1.10) | 0.268 | ||||
Current drinker | 0.84 (0.66 – 1.07) | 0.162 | ||||
Physically Inactive | 0.93 (0.79 – 1.10) | 0.392 | ||||
Comorbidities | ||||||
Neither diabetes nor obesity | 1.00 | |||||
Diabetes and obesity | 1.37 (1.06 – 1.77) | 0.015 | ||||
Diabetes only | 1.01 (0.76 – 1.34) | 0.950 | ||||
Obesity only | 1.25 (1.03– 1.52) | 0.026 |
Model 1 (unadjusted)
Model 2 (Adjusted for demographic characteristics): Martial Status, Education Level, and Income
Model 3 (Adjusted for risk factors for high blood pressure): Health Insurance, Smoking, Drinking Alcohol, Physical Inactivity, Obesity and Diabetes
NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; GED = General Education Development