Figure 1.

A, In the 1O condition, a single oriented line was displayed at study. B, In the 3O condition, three oriented lines were displayed from the same category at study. C, In the 1O1C1L condition, an oriented line, color, and luminance patch was displayed at study. In all conditions, the spatial location and category of a target item was cued at test and participants reconstructed the target on a circular stimulus space. Critically, only the 3O condition required participants to remember both object and spatial context information at study, because spatial location is required to disambiguate items from the same category at test. In contrast, the 1O1C1L condition did not require participants to remember spatial context at study, because the category is sufficient to disambiguate individual items at test. Figure adapted from Cai et al. (2020).