Figure 1.

Selection of women for inclusion in assessment of risk factors for urogenital schistosomiasis during pregnancy and its impact on birth outcomes and child growth. In total, 212 clusters were randomized, 53 in each of the 4 trial arms (SOC, IYCF, WASH, and IYCF + WASH). After randomisation, 1 cluster was excluded because it was in an urban area, 1 was excluded because the village health workers covering it mainly had clients outside the study area, and 2 more were merged on the basis of subsequent data for village health worker coverage, leaving 210 clusters from the original randomisation. Three new cluster designations were created because of anomalies in the original mapping. For 2 of these clusters, the trial group was clear; the third contained areas that were in 2 trial groups, and was assigned to the under-represented group, resulting in 53 clusters in each group. All these changes occurred before enrolment began. When enrolment was completed, there was 1 cluster (SOC) in which no women were enrolled, leaving a total of 211 clusters available for analysis. Infant follow-up was lower at the 1-month than the 18-month visit due to cultural practice for women (especially primiparous) to return to their parental home during the perinatal period. Mothers of infants with 1-month LAZ were, on average, 1.5 years older and had higher parity than mothers of infants with missing data; no other meaningful differences were observed [22]. Of the 564 mother-infant dyads missing 18-month infant length, 146 were miscarriages, 86 stillbirths, 116 neonatal deaths, and 100 postnatal deaths (78 infant deaths, 11 child deaths, 7 deaths with unknown date of death, 2 deaths with unknown date of birth, and 2 deaths after 18 months). Abbreviations: AGA, appropriate for gestational age; IYCF, infant and young child feeding; SGA, small for gestational age; SOC, standard of care; WASH, water, sanitation, and hygiene.