Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Mar 24;9(4):670. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9040670

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Scheme of the central carbon metabolism and carotenogenesis in C. glutamicum with glycolysis (orange shading), the pentose phosphate pathway (blue shading), the TCA cycle (green shading), as well as the MEP pathway and the carotenogenesis (yellow shading). Gene names are given next to the reactions catalyzed by their gene products. The corresponding gene identifiers can be found in Table 1. Essential genes are depicted with a red box. aceA: isocitrate lyase; aceB: malate synthase; aceE: pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component; ackA: acetate kinase; acn: aconitase; crtB: phytoene synthase; crtB2: phytoene synthase 2; crtE: geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase; crtEb: lycopene elongase; crtI: phytoene desaturase; crtI2: phytoene desaturase; crtY_e/f: C50 carotenoid epsilon cyclase; cseE: anti-sigma factor E; dxr: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase; dxs: 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase; eno: enolase; fba: fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase; fbp: fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase; fum: fumarase; gapA: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A; gltA: citrate synthase; glxR: global transcriptional regulator; gnd: 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; icd: isocitrate dehydrogenase; idi: isopentenyldiphosphate isomerase; idsA: geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase; ispD: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase; ispE: 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase; ispF: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase; ispG: 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate synthase; ispH: 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase; ldh: NAD-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase; malE: malic enzyme; mdh: malate dehydrogenase; odhA: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase subunit A; odx: oxaloacetate decarboxylase; opcA: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; pck: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; pfkA: 6-phosphofructokinase; pgi: glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; pgk: phosphoglycerate kinase; pgl: 6-phosphogluconolactonase; pgm: phosphoglucomutase; ppc: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; pqo: pyruvate quinone oxidoreductase; pta: phosphotransacetylase; ptsG: glucose-specific enzyme II BC component of PTS; pyc: pyruvate carboxylase; pyk: pyruvate kinase; ramB: transcriptional regulator of acetate metabolism A; rpe: ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase; rpi: phosphopentose isomerase; rsdA: anti-sigma factor D; rshA: anti-sigma factor H; sdhABDC: succinate dehydrogenase subunits A, B, C, and D; sigA: sigma factor A; sigB: sigma factor B; sigC: sigma factor C; sigD: sigma factor D; sigE: sigma factor E; sigH: sigma factor H; sigM: sigma factor M; sucCD: succinyl-CoA synthetase beta and alpha subunits; sugR: transcriptional regulators of sugar metabolism; tal: transaldolase; tkt: transketolase; tpi: triosephosphate isomerase; zwf: glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase. 1,3-BPGA: 1,3-bisphosphate glycerate; 2-PGA:2-phosphate glycerate; 3-PGA: 3-phosphate glycerate; 6-PGI: 6-phosphogluconolactone; acetyl-P: acetyl-phosphate; CDP-ME: 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-methylerythritol; CDP-MEP: 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-methylerythritol 2-phosphate; DHAP: dihydroxyacetone phosphate; DMAPP: dimethylallyl diphosphate; DXP: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase; E4P: erythrose-4-phosphate; Frc-1,6-BP: fructose-1,6-bisphosphate; Frc-6-P: fructose-6-phosphate; GAP: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; GGPP: geranylgeranyl diphosphate; Glc-6-P: glucose-6-phosphate; Glu6P: 6-phosphogluconate; HMBPP: (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate; IPP: isopentenyl diphosphate; ME-cPP: 2-methylerythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate; MEP: 2-methylerythritol 4-phosphate; PEP: phosphoenolpyruvate; R5P: ribose-5-phosphate; Ru5P: ribulose-5-phosphate; S7P: sedoheptulose 7-phosphate;X5P: xylulose-5-phosphate.