Table 1. The general characteristics of 83 COVID-19 patients by disease severity.
| Variables | Total(n=83) | Critical (n=67) | Non-critical (n=16) | t/χ2/Z | P | |
| Age (years) | 67.3±12.6 | 67.6±12.3 | 65.9±13.9 | -0.490a | 0.625 | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 22(26.5) | 16(23.9) | 6(37.5) | 0.630c1 | 0.427 | |
| Male | 61(73.5) | 51(76.1) | 10(62.5) | |||
| Smoking | 11(13.3) | 8(15.7) | 3(21.4) | 0.011c1 | 0.916 | |
| Clinical outcomes | ||||||
| Cure/Improved | 36(43.4) | 22(33.3) | 14(93.3) | 17.820c2 | <0.001 | |
| Death | 45(54.2) | 44(66.7) | 1(6.7) | |||
| Underlying conditions | ||||||
| Diabetes | 20 (24.1) | 14(20.9) | 6(37.5) | 1.145c1 | 0.285 | |
| Hypertension | 46(55.4) | 37(55.2) | 9(56.2) | 0.006c2 | 0.941 | |
| Tumor | 5(6.0) | 5(7.5) | 0(0.0) | - | 0.578f | |
| COPD | 1(1.2) | 1(1.5) | 0(0.0) | - | 1.000f | |
| Hospitalization time (days) | 20(11,35) | 19(11,30.75)* | 34(22,47.5)* | 683.0b | 0.022 | |
| Laboratory test results | ||||||
| SO2 (%) | 93(87,95) | 92.5(85,95)* | 93(88,95)* | 413.5b | 0.591 | |
| PLT (109/L) | 158(107,216.5) | 153(105.5,212.5) | 180(135,233.25) | 622.0b | 0.324 | |
| WBC count (109/L) | 8.21(6.32,11.84) | 8.98(6.8,12.88) | 5.58(3.68,7.08) | 254.0b | 0.001 | |
| Neutrophil count (109/L) | 7.65(4.67,11.17) | 8.01(5.48,12.01) | 3.47(2.25,5.84) | 217.0b | <0.001 | |
| Neutrophil % | 87.9(75,91.4) | 89.9(80.1,92.1)* | 68.85(63.42,77.65)* | 94.5 | <0.001 | |
| Lymphocyte count (109/L) | 0.64(0.460.98) | 0.59(0.42,0.96) | 0.93(0.71,1.08) | 741.5b | 0.018 | |
| Albumin (g/L) | 30.6(26.2,33.95) | 29.4(25.8,33.85) | 33.75(30.68,36.1) | 746.5b | 0.015 | |
| LDH (U/L) | 375(263,534.5) | 434(328.5,592) | 248.5(217.5,266.25) | 122.0b | <0.001 | |
| Maximum creatinine value during hospitalization (μmol/L) | 133.2(72.75,276.7) | 146(92.45,291.35) | 73.4(68.62,82.3) | 312.0b | 0.010 | |
| high-sensitivity troponin I | 26(9.5,111.75) | 36(12.6,140.5)* | 4.45(1.65,9.8)* | 92.0b | <0.001 | |
| D-dimer (ug/mL) | 3.14(0.94,7.39) | 3.31(0.88,8)* | 2.67(1.66,4.97) | 484.0b | 0.672 | |
| CRP (mg/L) | 85.35(33.41,134.12) | 96.7(43.8,143.8)* | 14(2.58,49.5)* | 202.0b | <0.001 | |
| Ferritins (μg/L) | 1271.82(726.64,2000) | 1614(837,2000)* | 565.1(303.82,957.31)* | 80.0b | 0.001 | |
| PCT (ng/mL) | 0.23(0.11,0.41) | 0.24(0.12,0.41)* | 0.06(0.05,0.26)* | 206.0b | 0.043 | |
| Maximum IL-6 (pg/mL) | ||||||
| <P25 (<=250) | 21(25.3) | 15(22.4) | 6(37.5) | - | 0.426c3 | |
| P25~P75 (250 -4000) | 39(47.0) | 32(47.8) | 7(43.8) | |||
| >=P75(>=4000) | 23(27.7) | 20(29.9) | 3(18.8) | |||
| Lung CT main performance | Ground-glass | 40(48.2) | 29(48.3) | 11(73.3) | 3.013c2 | 0.083 |
| Consolidation | 35(42.2) | 31(51.7) | 4(26.7) | |||
| Treatments | ||||||
| CRRT | 40(48.2) | 38(56.7) | 2(12.5) | 10.144c2 | 0.001 | |
| Antiviral | 80(96.4) | 64(98.5) | 16(100.0) | 1.000c3 | ||
| Tracheal cannula | 56(67.5) | 56(88.9) | 0(0.0) | 41.258c1 | <0.001 | |
| Tracheotomy | 13(15.7) | 13(21.3) | 0(0.0) | 2.275c1 | 0.131 | |
| Antibiotic | 73(88.0) | 62(96.9) | 11(68.8) | 9.403c1 | 0.002 | |
| Hormone | 53(63.9) | 47(78.3) | 6(37.5) | 8.139c1 | 0.004 | |
| Globulin | 41(49.4) | 38(67.9) | 3(18.8) | 12.240c1 | <0.001 | |
| ACEI/ARB | 6(7.2) | 4(7.7) | 2(14.3) | 0.600f | ||
| Convalescent plasma | 10(12.0) | 10(16.7) | 0(0.0) | 1.623c1 | 0.203 | |
| Traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacy | 27(32.5) | 18(32.7) | 9(69.2) | 5.852c2 | 0.016 | |
| High flow nasal catheter oxygen inhalation | 63(75.9) | 49(80.3) | 14(87.5) | 0.089c1 | 0.766 | |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 40(48.2) | 40(65.6) | 0(0.0) | 21.834c2 | <0.001 | |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 60(72.3) | 59(89.4) | 1(6.2) | 41.212c1 | <0.001 | |
| ECMO | 9(10.8) | 9(14.3) | 0(0.0) | 1.358c1 | 0.244 | |
| Complications | ||||||
| AKI | 50(60.2) | 49(74.2) | 1(6.2) | 25.020c2 | <0.001 | |
| Respiratory failure | 61(73.5) | 57(91.9) | 4(26.7) | 27.417c1 | <0.001 | |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 26(31.3) | 25(45.5) | 1(6.2) | 8.208c2 | 0.004 | |
| Acute liver dysfunction | 45(54.2) | 41(82.0) | 4(25.0) | 18.153c2 | <0.001 | |
| Acute myocardial injury | 58(69.9) | 56(88.9) | 2(12.5) | 34.337c1 | <0.001 | |
| ARDS | 35(42.2) | 35(62.5) | 0(0.0) | 19.459c1 | <0.001 | |
| MODS | 30(36.1) | 30(62.5) | 0(0.0) | 16.953c1 | <0.001 |
Note: a: t value by t test; b: Z value by Wilcoxon rank sum test; c1: continuity corrected χ2 value by χ2 test; c2: χ2 value by χ2 test; f: Fisher exact probability test p value.
*: contains missing values.
PLT: Blood platelets; WBC count: White blood cell count; SO2: Blood oxygen saturation; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; CRP: C-reactive protein; PCT: Procalcitonin; IL6: Interleukin 6; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; AKI: acute kidney injury.