Table 3. Physical function improvements at 3-month and 6-month interventions in sarcopenia versus non-sarcopenia elderly.

	All subjects (n = 242)	Sarcopenic subgroups
		Sarcopenia (n = 92)	Non-Sarcopenia (n = 150)	t	p
Lower limb strength, kg
Baseline (0M)	14.17 ± 5.01	12.27 ± 3.11	15.33 ± 5.57	–5.491	<0.001
3 Month (3M)	15.71 ± 5.76***	13.93 ± 4.13***	16.75 ± 6.31**	–4.132	<0.001
6 Month (6M)	16.04 ± 5.50***	14.08 ± 4.71***	17.17 ± 5.61***	–4.256	<0.001
Change (3M-0M)%	15.57 ± 38.15	17.47 ± 36.55	14.47 ± 39.12	0.580
Change (6M-0M)%	18.28 ± 36.22	19.05 ± 38.46	17.84 ± 34.99	0.243
F, p	19.612, <0.001	10.160, <0.001	11.343, <0.001
ASMI, kg/m2
Baseline (0M)	6.11 ± 1.07	5.32 ± 0.82	6.60 ± 0.90	–11.092	<0.001
3 Month (3M)	6.21 ± 1.07**	5.37 ± 0.74	6.66 ± 0.95*	–10.603	<0.001
6 Month (6M)	6.21 ± 1.09***	5.35 ± 0.76**	6.68 ± 0.95	–10.802	<0.001
Change (3M-0M)%	1.65 ± 6.18	2.20 ± 6.84	1.35 ± 5.80	0.928
Change (6M-0M)%	1.69 ± 5.82	1.73 ± 7.04	1.68 ± 5.06	0.051
F, p	8.104, <0.001	6.486, 0.002	3.513, 0.035
Gait speed, second
Baseline (0M)	5.61 ± 1.65	5.76 ± 1.76	5.52 ± 1.57	1.074	0.284
3 Month (3M)	4.84 ± 1.23***	4.72 ± 1.01***	4.85 ± 1.33***	–0.834	0.405
6 Month (6M)	4.84 ± 1.01***	4.92 ± 1.02***	4.79 ± 1.00***	0.942	0.347
Change (3M-0M)%	–10.43 ± 24.17	–13.29 ± 23.56	–8.79 ± 24.44	–1.378
Change (6M-0M)%	–9.04 ± 24.45	–9.37 ± 26.11	–8.85 ± 23.53	–0.155
F, p	28.155, <0.001	13.688, <0.001	16.408, <0.001

Abbreviations: ASMI = Appendicular skeletal muscle index. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001 vs. baseline level.