Table 1.
Herbicide resistant plants developed through genome editing.
| Plant | Genome Editing System | Delivery Method | Target Gene | Target Herbicide | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rice | CRISPR-Cas9 | Particle bombardment | ALS | Bispyribac- sodium | [111] |
| CRISPR-Cas9 | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | ALS | Imazethapyr | [112] | |
| TALEN | Ballistic delivery | OsALS | Bispyribac- sodium | [37] | |
| Target-AID | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | ALS | Imazamox | [113] | |
| ABE | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | OsTubA2 | Dinitroaniline | [114] | |
| CBE | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | OsACCase | Gallant | [115] | |
| BEMGE | Agrobacterium-mediated and Particle bombardment | OsALS1 | Bispyribac-sodium | [116] | |
| STEMEs | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | ACCase | Haloxyfop | [117] | |
| CRISPR–Cas9 | Particle bombardment | EPSPS | Glyphosate | [118] | |
| ABE | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | ACCase | Haloxyfop | [119] | |
| Prime editing | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | OsALS | Bispyribac sodium | [40] | |
| Prime editing | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | ALS | Imidazolinone | [120] | |
| Prime editing | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | OsACCase1 | Haloxyfop | [121] | |
| Watermelon | CBE | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | ClALS | Tribenuron | [122] |
| Wheat | n/dCas9-PBE | Particle bombardment |
TaALS,
ACCase |
Sulfonylurea, Imidazolinone and Aryloxyphenoxy propionate |
[26] |
| n/dCas9-PBE | Particle bombardment | TaALS | Nicosulfuron | [123] | |
| Maize | CBE | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | ZmALS | Sulfonylurea | [95] |
| Cas9-gRNA | Particle bombardment | ALS | Chlorsulfuron | [110] | |
| Arabidopsis | CBE | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | ALS | Tribenuron-methyl | [124] |
| Oilseed rape | CBE | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | BnALS1 | Tribenuron-methyl | [125] |
| Tomato and Potato | CBE | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | ALS | Chlorsulfuron | [126] |
| Soybean | CRISPR–Cas9 | Particle bombardment | ALS1 | Chlorsulfuron | [127] |
| Flax | ssODN and CRISPR/Cas9 | Protoplast transfection | EPSPS | Glyphosate | [128] |
| Chile peeper | Intragenic method | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | EPSPS | Glyphosate | [129] |
| Cassava | Cas9-gRNA | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | EPSPS | Glyphosate | [130] |
| Potato | GVR | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | ALS1 | Imidazolinone | [131] |
ABE: adenine base editing, CBE: cytidine base editing, PBE: plant base editor, BEMGE: base editing-mediated gene evolution, STEMEs: saturated targeted endogenous mutagenesis editors, GVR: geminivirus replicon.