Table 3.
Longitudinal analyses of motor, functional and cognitive parameters.
| Clomipramine n = 17 |
Clozapine n = 22 |
Chlorpromazine n = 7 |
Doxepine n = 16 |
Desi-, Imi-, Trimipramine n = 5 |
Other Motor-Manifest (HD-ctrl) n = 2426 |
F | p | Part. Eta2 |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BL | FU 1 | FU 2 | BL | FU1 | FU2 | BL | FU1 | FU2 | BL | FU1 | FU2 | BL | FU1 | FU2 | BL | FU1 | FU2 | ||||
| UHDRS TMS; M (SD) # |
40.1 (18.6) | 44.5 (18.5) |
50.1 (21.7) | 57.4 (26.2) |
60.7 (21.9) |
64.9 (23.5) |
68.4 (30.0) |
74.7 (30.0) |
79.7 (29.5) |
38.1 (20.0) |
37.7 (19.8) |
42.3 (20.2) |
35.8 (23.4) |
39.6 (25.6) |
39.0 (23.8) |
38.1 (20.0) |
41.5 (20.8) |
45.4 (21.8) |
0.818 | 0.603 | 0.002 |
| TFC; M (SD) + | 5.5 (3.1) |
4.7 (3.4) |
4.5 (3.7) |
4.1 (3.0) |
3.3 (2.6) |
2.5 (2.6) |
3.1 (2.9) |
2.0 (1.8) |
1.8 (2.9) |
8.8 (3.0) |
8.2 (2.8) |
7.6 (2.4) |
6.2 (3.1) |
6.2 (3.1) |
5.2 (3.3) |
8.2 (3.5) |
7.4 (3.5) |
6.9 (3.6) |
0.452 | 0.906 | 0.001 |
| IS; M (SD) + | 62.6 (20.4) |
63.8 (19.2) |
59.4 (19.0) |
52.3 (18.7) |
50.0 (17.7) |
46.1 (20.4) |
47.8 (23.8) |
42.1 (21.2) |
40.7 (20.9) |
76.9 (9.5) |
76.9 (11.1) |
74.4 (12.1) |
70.0 (14.6) |
69.0 (14.7) |
66.0 (15.6) |
77.1 (17.3) |
73.6 (18.0) |
70.3 (18.9) |
0.872 | 0.559 | 0.002 |
| SDMT; M (SD) + | 15.9 (14.6) |
14.3 (14.2) |
11.1 (12.6) |
9.5 (12.3) |
7.4 (12.1) |
8.5 (12.4) |
4.9 (7.2) |
2.3 (6.0) |
1.4 (3.7) |
22.0 (12.0) |
18.9 (9.5) |
18.6 (13.6) |
19.0 (18.3) |
19.4 (20.5) |
16.8 (21.4) |
23.3 (12.4) |
21.2 (12.8) |
19.2 (13.5) |
0.966 | 0.470 | 0.002 |
| Verfct; M (SD) + | 9.1 (6.6) |
8.7 (6.5) |
7.8 (7.6) |
7.3 (5.3) |
6.8 (5.2) |
6.8 (5.5) |
5.1 (5.7) |
3.8 (4.4) |
1.1 (2.0) |
13.2 (5.2) |
12.7 (3.2) |
11.3 (5.5.) |
14.5 (10.4) |
13.5 (11.7) |
12.2 (8.1) |
12.1 (5.7) |
11.2 (6.0) |
10.3 (6.0) |
0.089 | 1.00 | 0.000 |
| SCNT; M (SD) + | 33.1 (16.8) |
28.4 (16.1) |
25.8 (18.1) |
25.7 (17.7) |
23.2 (17.5) |
21.8 (17.6) |
14.8 (20.0) |
12.0 (18.1) |
10.4 (19.0) |
38.9 (13.3) |
37.4 (11.6) |
31.0 (18.4) |
35.3 (22.9) |
37.7 (20.0) |
36.3 (22.1) |
41.7 (17.3) |
38.1 (18.3) |
35.3 (18.7) |
0.132 | 0.997 | 0.000 |
| SWRT; M (SD) + | 42.6 (23.4) | 38.1 (24.3) |
31.9 (24.5) | 35.4 (23.5) | 32.1 (23.6) | 27.3 (23.7) | 22.7 (23.3) |
12.7 (17.3) |
6.7 (13.2) | 49.6 (18.0) | 44.8 (19.1) | 39.1 (24.6) | 58.7 (19.8) | 52.0 (23.4) | 55.0 (21.8) |
55.0 (22.6) | 50.3 (24.5) | 46.1 (24.8) | 0.176 | 0.993 | 0.000 |
| SIT; M (SD) + | 16.9 (10.7) | 13.1 (12.3) | 12.4 (11.3) | 11.6 (13.9) | 8.7 (12.4) | 6.5 (12.1) |
6.4 (11.0) |
5.6 (10.9) |
4.7 (12.5) | 21.6 (11.4) | 20.1 (9.3) | 18.8 (14.2) | 16.2 (7.1) | 13.7 (10.7) | 7.0 (9.2) |
23.6 (11.4) | 19.8 (13.2) | 18.3 (13.1) |
0.333 | 0.953 | 0.001 |
Gradual decline in all groups with no significant alteration depending on the medication taken compared to HD-ctrl. Data are depicted as group- means (standard deviation). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with Co-Variates (age, CAG) for baseline, follow up one and two. Abbreviations: M: mean; SD: standard deviation; P: p value; F: F value; Part Eta2: effect size; UHDRS: Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale; TMS: Total motor score; TFC: Total functional capacity; IS: Independence scale; SDMT: Symbol digit modality test; Verfct: Verbal fluency test; SCNT: Stoop color naming test; SWRT: Stroop word reading test; SIT: Stroop interference test; #: higher scores= more impairment; +: higher scores= better performance.