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. 2021 Mar 25;11(4):491. doi: 10.3390/biom11040491

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Temporal profile of MMP-9, leukocytes, and fibroblasts during myocardial infarction wound healing. The left side shows the temporal profile of MMP-9 and the relative abundance of neutrophils, macrophages, B-cells, T-cells, and fibroblasts during inflammation, proliferation and maturation phase. The graphs are based on the current literature [77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84]. The right side shows the cellular source of MMP-9, as well as in vitro stimulators of MMP-9 release and the effect of MMP-9 on different myocardial infarction wound healing processes. IL-1β: Interleukin 1 beta, IL-8: Interleukin 8, MMP-9: Matrix metalloproteinase-9, TNFα: Tumor necrosis alpha, N1: Pro-inflammatory neutrophils, N2: Anti-inflammatory/reparative neutrophils, M1: Pro-inflammatory macrophages, M2: Anti-inflammatory/reparative macrophages, F1: Pro-inflammatory fibroblasts, F2: Anti-inflammatory/reparative fibroblasts. Created with BioRender.com (accessed on 23 March 2021) [85].