Table 2. Characteristics of pregnant women, neonates and their outcomes.
| Study [reference], Author, Year | Pregnant women (N), Delivery type, Gestational age (weeks), Chikungunya start (days before delivery) | Pregnant woman manifestations (clinical and laboratory) | Fetal distress, gestation outcome | Neonates (N), Chikungunya start (days after birth), neonatal deaths | Neonatal manifestations (clinical and laboratory); sequelae |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [16], Correa, 2020 | 6, C (4), V (2), 37 sem (3), 34 sem 5 d, 35 sem and 36 sem, 1 to 7 | Fever, arthralgia, rash | ND, PMT | 6, 4 to 10, N | Fever, hypoactivity, seizure, sepsis, irritability, thrombocytopenia, ND |
| [17], Jebain, 2020 | 1, ND, Term, after birth | Fever, arthralgia | ND | 1, 7, N | Bullous dermatitis, ND |
| [18], Correa, 2020 | 3, C (2) and V (1), 36 (1) and 37 (2), at birth | Fever, arthralgia, rash | ND, PMT | 3, 4,5 and 6, N | Hypoactivity, fever, rash, suctioning difficult, thrombocytopenia, longitudinal brain magnetic resonance with brain impairement; ND |
| [19], Shen, 2020 | 2, C, PMT and Term, at birth | Fever, arthralgia, rash, myalgia | ND, PMT | 3, 5 and 3, N | Fever, rash, respiratory failure, jaundice, arthralgia and hypoactivity; ND |
| [20], Chandramathi, 2020 | 1, ND, ND, 7 | Fever | ND | 1, 15, N | Apnea,fever,seizure,sepsis, jaundice, respiratory failure, thrombocytopenia, ND |
| [21], Di Maio Ferreira, 2019 | 1, C, Term, at birth | Fever, arthralgia, rash | Y, ND | 1, 6, N | Rash, fever, arthralgia, arthritis, hypoactivity, hyperpigmentation, bullous dermatitis; none |
| [22], Dorléans, 2018 | 15, ND, ND, 6 | ND | ND | 15,ND; N | ND |
| [23], Kumar, 2018 | 2,V, ND, 4 and 1 | Fever, arthralgia, rash | ND, PMT (1) | 2, 5 and 4, N | Rash, fever, arthralgia, arthritis, hypoactivity, hyperpigmentation, hemodynamic instability, respiratory distress, seizure; ND |
| [24], Kumar, 2018 | 6, ND, ND, ND | ND | ND | 6, ND, N | ND |
| [25], Oliveira, 2018 | 1, C, 34, 10 | Itching, arthralgia, arthritis, fever, headache, seizure, abdominal pain, diarrhea, cough, dyspnea and arterial hypertension, respiratory failure; thrombocytopenia and neutrophilia | ND, PMT and death | 1, at birth, 1 | Apnea,fever,seizure,sepsis, jaundice, gastrointestinal bleeding, pulmonary hemorrhage, respiratory failure; death |
| [26], Van Enter, 2018 | 14, C (2) and V(1), 35 sem 2 d (1) and ND (13), 1 (2) and 7 (11) | ND | Y, PMT (1) | 3, at birth (1) 4 (1), 5 (1); 1 | Intracranial hemorrhage, fever, rash, seizure, irritability, suctioning difficult; death |
| [27], Leitão, 2018 | 5, ND, ND, ND | Rash,arthralgia, fever,bullous dermatitis | ND | 5, 2 to 4, N | Fever,hypoactivity,encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, seizure, irritability, bullous dermatitis, hyperpigmentation intracranial hemorrhage, arthralgia thrombocytopenia; ND |
| [28],Maria A, 2018 | 10, ND, ND, ND | ND | ND | 10,ND,N | Fever, hypoactivity, respiratory distress, suctioning difficult, hemodynamic instability, encephalitis, seizure, hyperpigmentation, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia; Neurological |
| [29], Cardona- Correa, 2017 | 1, C, 35, 3 | Rash, headache, arthralgia | N, PMT | 1, 4, N | Rash, irritability, hypoactivity, respiratory failure, intracranial hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia; neurological (optic nerve atrophy, microcephaly, epilepsy and cerebral palsy) |
| [30], Evans-Gilbert, 2017 | 1, V, 39, ND | Fever, arthralgia | N, N | 1, 5, N | Rash, fever, thrombocytopenia, elevated GOT; none |
| [31], Ramos, 2018 | 1, C, 35,3 | Fever, disseminated intravascular coagulation, arthralgia, abdominal pain, renal failure, rhabdomyolysis | Y, PMT | 1, 3, 1 | Fever, hypoactivity, apnea, respiratory failure, cyanosis, hemodynamic instability, elevated GOT; none |
| [32], Alvarado-Socarras, 2016 | 1, C, 38,1 | Rash, fever, pelvic pain, edema | N, N | 1, 3, N | Rash, fever and irritability, thrombocytopenia, elevated GOT; none |
| [34], Karthiga, 2016 | 2, ND ND, ND | ND | ND, ND | 2, 5 and 8, N | Rash, fever and irritability; ND |
| [33], Torres, 2016 | 55, ND ND, ND | ND | ND, PMT | 55, 5 (3–9), N | El Salvador and Colombia: fever, hypoactivity, suctioning difficulty, hemodynamic instability, respiratory insufficiency, meningoencephalitis, exanthema, bullous dermatitis, hyperalgesia, limb edema, myocarditis thrombocytopenia, anemia, pleocytosis; ND |
| [35], Nigam, 2016 | 1, V 36, ND | Fever | ND, PMT | 2, 5, N | Facial hyperpigmentation, respiratory insufficiency, convulsion, intracranial hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, anemia; neurological |
| [36],Lyra, 2016 | 1, C 36, 15 | Fever and arthralgia, thrombocytopenia | Y, PMT | 1, birth day, N | Tachypnea and pericardial effusion; none |
| [37], Bandeira, 2016 | 2, V and ND 38 and 41, 2 | One case rash, fever and arthralgia, another ND | N, N | 2, 1–4, N | One case rash, fever, respiratory failure, hemodynamic instability, hepatosplenomegaly and another fever, hypoactivity, hemodynamic inatability and grade I intracranial hemorrhage; none |
| [38], Pinzon-Redondo, 2016 | 1, V ND, 4 | Rash and fever | N, ND | 1, 4, N | rash, fever, hypoactivity, convulsion, encephalitis; ND |
| [39], Vasani, 2016 | ND, ND ND, ND | ND | ND, ND | 2, 5, N | rash, fever and diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia; ND |
| [40], Muñoz, 2014 | 1, V ND, 7 | Fever | ND, ND | 1, birth day, N | Respiratory insufficiency and hyperpigmentation; ND |
| [41], Villamil-Gomez, 2015 | 1, V 38, 3 | Fever, headache and myalgia | N, N | 1, 3, N | Fever and irritability; ND |
| [42], Taksande, 2015 | 1, ND ND, At birth | ND | ND, ND | 1, 6, N | ND; ND |
| [43], Gérardin, 2014 | ND, ND ND, ND | ND | ND, PMT | 33, ND, N | ND; neurological |
| [44], Ramful, 2014 | 7, V (2), C (5) 32 to 39, At birth | Rash, fever and arthralgia, edema and headache | N, PMT (3) | 8 (one twins), ND, 3 | Exanthema, fever, bullous dermatitis, respiratory failure, meningoencephalitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, hyperalgesia, edema, myocarditis, pericarditis, hemodynamic instability and enterocolitis, thrombocytopenia; none |
| [45], Shenoy, 2012 | 1, C 36, At birth | Fever | Y, PMT | 1, 4, N | Respiratory insufficiency, hemodynamic instability and septic shock; neurological |
| [46], Boumahni, 2012 | 2, C ND, ND | Fever and arthralgia | N, N | 2, 5, N | Both cases hyperpigmentation, convulsion and apnea, only case 2 respiratory insufficiency; neurological (case 2 optic nerve atrophy) |
| [47], Shrivastava, 2011 | 1, C ND, ND | Thrombocytopenia | N, N | 1, 5, N | Fever, seizure, hyperalgesia, apnea, respiratory failure, thrombocytopenia; neurological |
| [48], Boumahni, 2011 | 1, C 35, 3 | Fever and arthralgia | Y, PMT | 1, birth day, N | Fever, rash, hyperpigmentation, sucking difficulty, apnea, thrombocytopenia and elevated GOT; none |
| [49], Sharanabasavesh, 2010 | 8, ND, 1premature and 7 term, 1 | Fever | ND | 8, 5, N | Sucking difficulty, seizure, fever, encephalitis, hyperpigmentation, hepatomegaly, respiratory failure, thrombocytopenia, ND |
| [50], Fritel, 2010 | 3, ND ND, 2 (one newborn), 25 and 70 (two stillborns) | ND | ND, 2 stillborns | 1, 3, N | ND; none |
| [51], Senanayake, 2009 | 7, ND ND, 0 (4 cases) and 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimestres | Fever and arthralgia ine case, other cases ND | ND, ND | 7, 2 (one case) ND others, N | One case fever, hyperpigmentation, irritability, hypoactivity and myocarditis, 3 cases hyperpigmentation 3 cases ND; ND |
| [52], Rao, 2008 | 19, V (9), C (10) 35–40, At birth | ND | Y (14) ND (5), ND and PMT | 19, 4 (3–7), N | Intracranial hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hyperalgesia, hematemesis, hypovolemic shock, respiratory insufficiency, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, anemia, elevated GOT, hypocalcemia, altered coagulogram, fever, rash, convulsion, hypoactivity; suction difficulty; neurological and blindness |
| [6], Gérardin, 2008 | 38, V (12), C (26) 35–41, 0 (18) and 4 until 2 days post-partum, 2 asymptomatic | ND | Y (17) ND (21), ND and one PMT | 38, 4 (3–7), 1 | Fever, exanthema, hyperpigmentation, hyperalgesia, gastrointestinal and conjunctival hemorrhage, respiratory failure, necrotizing enterocolitis, diarrhea, suctioning difficulty and hemodynamic instability, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, hypokalemia, altered coagulogram; neurological |
| [53], Ramful, 2007 | 2, V and C ND, 1 and 4 | Fever, arthralgia and headache | ND, N | 2, 3 and 5, N | One case fever, rash, irritability, sucking difficulty, apnea, another fever, hyperpigmentation, mucositis, difficulty sucking, inadequate weight gain; none |
| [9], Touret, 2006 | 3, ND ND, ND | ND | ND, miscarriage | NA | NA |
| [54], Paquet, 2006 | 3, V 12 to 15, at 12 (1 case) and 15 (2 cases) weeks gestation | Rash, fever, arthralgia and headache | ND, miscarriage (3) | N, N, N | None; none |
| [10], Lenglet, 2006 | 16, V (9), C (7) ND, At birth | Rash, fever, arthralgia | Y (10) ND (6), N | 16, 3–7, N | Fever, ND |
ND: No data; NA: Not applicable; PMT: Premature; FD: Fetal distress; GOT: Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; C: Ceasarean section, V: Vaginal delivery; Y: Yes; N: None.