Table 4.
Case Series and Reports with Quadratus Lumborum Blocks and Nephrectomy
| Article | N | Surgery | Timing/Indication | Quadratus Lumborum Block | Injectate | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graca et al34 | 1 | Partial nephrectomy | Postoperative | Posterior | Bolus: 20mL 0.2% ropivacaine infusion: 5.2mL·hr−1 0.2% ropivacaine for 48 hours | Excellent analgesia |
| Gurkan et al35 | 1 | Open nephrectomy and cholecystectomy | Perioperative | Anterior | Bolus: 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine | VAS 0 at 24 hours. Total morphine demand 13 mg. |
| Sindwani et al36 | 1 | Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for Von Hipple Lindau Renal Cell Carcinoma | Perioperative | Anterior Infusion on operative side Anterior bolus on non-operative side | Bolus: 0.2% ropivacaine 20 mL | Excellent analgesia without opioids; Block coverage T7-L2 |
| Infusion: 0.2% ropivacaine at 5mL·hr−1 for 48 hours | ||||||
| Ueshima et al37 | 2 | Radical nephrectomy and laparoscopic nephrectomy | Postoperative | Anterior subcostal | Bolus: 20mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine | Excellent analgesia without opioids |
| Infusion: intermittent bolus of 15mL 0.1% levobupivacaine | ||||||
| Suri et al38 | 6 | Open radical nephrectomy | Postoperative | Lateral visualized by surgeon (Laparoscopic-guided) | Bolus: 20mL 0.2% ropivacaine Infusion: 0.2% infusion 0.5 mL·hr−1 | Good analgesia with only 100mg tramadol BID in all patients; Block coverage T7-L2 |
| Sindwani et al39 | 5 | Laparoscopic nephrectomy | Postoperative | Lateral visualized by surgeon (Laparoscopic-guided) | Bolus: 20mL 0.2% ropivacaine | Excellent analgesia without opioids |
| Infusion: 0.2% infusion 0.5mL·hr− | ||||||
| Chakraborty et al34,40 | 1 | Pediatric radical nephrectomy | Postoperative | Anterior | Bolus: 5mL 0.375% levobupivacaine | Good analgesia with no opioids; Block coverage T7-L2 |
| Infusion: 0.1% levobupivacaine 5mL·hr− | ||||||
| Waruswitharana et al41 | 9 | Open nephrectomy with 2 incisions. | Perioperative | Transmuscular | Partial nephrectomy: 100mg levobupivacaine (ipsilateral only) | Mean 48-hour morphine consumption 62mg |
| Radical nephrectomy: 150mg levobupivacaine (bilateral) |
Notes: Table 4 offers a summary of the available case reports and case series for patients who have received quadratus lumborum block as an analgesic for nephrectomy.