Table 1.
Distribution of 471 Study Hospitals and Nurse Specialty Certification Rates
| Hospitals (n=471) |
Certification Rate | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | n (%) | mean % (min-max) |
||
| State | California | 191 (41) | 38 (5-78) | <0.001 |
| Florida | 125 (27) | 34 (6-67) | ||
| Pennsylvania | 106 (23) | 32 (5-71) | ||
| New Jersey | 49 (10) | 51 (19-85) | ||
| Magnet | Non-Magnet | 389 (83) | 34 (5-68) | <0.001 |
| Magnet | 82 (17) | 51 (26-85) | ||
| Bed Size | Small (≤100 beds) | 12 (3) | 30 (14-54) | <0.001 |
| Medium (101-<250 beds) | 187 (40) | 34 (5-71) | ||
| Large (≥ 250 beds) | 272 (58) | 40 (9-85) | ||
| Teaching | Nonteaching | 193 (41) | 37 (5-76) | 0.013 |
| Minor teaching | 225 (48) | 36 (5-83) | ||
| Major teaching | 53 (11) | 42 (11-85) | ||
| Technology | Low-technology | 191 (41) | 35 (5-85) | 0.033 |
| High-technology | 280 (60) | 38 (5-83) | ||
|
Staffing Average patient-to-nurse ratio |
<4 | 166 (35) | 37 (5-78) | 0.918 |
| 4-<5 | 170 (36) | 37 (6-85) | ||
| 5-<6 | 78 (17) | 37 (6-75) | ||
| 6-<7 | 42 (9) | 35 (6-76) | ||
| ≥7 | 15 (3) | 36 (11-70) | ||
|
Education Percent of nurses with BSN or higher nursing degree |
<30% | 9 (2) | 28 (6-53) | <0.001 |
| 30-<40% | 43 (9) | 30 (6-64) | ||
| 40-<50% | 75 (16) | 32 (6-70) | ||
| 50-<60% | 123 (26) | 34 (5-76) | ||
| 60-<70% | 133 (28) | 40 (5-85) | ||
| ≥70% | 88 (19) | 44 (14-83) | ||
| Work | Poor | 120 (25) | 33 (6-68) | <0.001 |
| Environment | Mixed | 235 (50) | 35 (5-75) | |
| Best | 116 (25) | 45 (15-85) | ||
Notes: P-values generated from t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Percent certified represents the mean percentage of certified nurses among hospitals within each category.