. 2021 Apr 22;23(4):e27214. doi: 10.2196/27214

Table 1.

Comparison of search trends between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020, for pain-related terms before and after the first officially confirmed COVID-19 case in in Europe, the United States, Brazil, Pakistan, India, and Indonesia (China was excluded from the data set owing to insufficient data).

Pain type	Europe (P value)	United States (P value)	Brazil (P value)	Pakistan (P value)	India (P value)	Indonesia (P value)	Overall (P value)
Back pain	<.001^a	.09 ^b	<.001^a	.04^a	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a
Abdominal pain	<.001^a	<.001^c	<.001^a	.05^a	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a
Breast pain	<.001^a	.07 ^b	<.001^a	.10 ^b	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a
Chest pain	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a
Dysmenorrhea	.15 ^b	.35 ^b	.09 ^b	.13 ^b	<.001^a	.009^c	.12 ^b
Dyspareunia	.12 ^b	<.001^c	.31 ^b	.22 ^b	.20 ^b	.86^b	.28 ^b
Ear pain	.01^a	.84> ^b	.06 ^b	.01^a	<.001^a	.003^a	<.001^a
Epigastric pain	.45 ^b	.61 ^b	<.001^a	.31 ^b	.11 ^b	N/A^d	<.001^a
Groin pain	.64 ^b	<.001^c	<.010^a	.84 ^b	<.001^a	.03^c	.73 ^b
Eye pain	<.001^a	.47 ^b	<.001^a	.02^a	.05^a	.03^c	<.001^a
Headache	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a	.03^a	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a
Knee pain	.43 ^b	<.001^c	.42 ^b	.23 ^b	.04^a	<.001^a	.09 ^b
Low back pain	.01^a	<.001^c	<.001^a	.06 ^b	.23 ^b	<.001^c	.77 ^b
Odynophagia	<.001^a	.45 ^b	<.001^a	.05 ^b	.22 ^b	.40 ^b	.01^a
Neck pain	<.001^a	.44 ^b	.03^a	.08 ^b	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a
Pelvic pain	.01^a	<.001^c	<.001^a	.03^a	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a
Shoulder pain	.01^a	.40 ^b	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a
Sore throat	<.001^a	.05^a	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a	.23 ^b	<.001^a
Testicular pain	.42 ^b	.16 ^b	.10 ^b	.45 ^b	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a
Toothache	<.001^a	.31 ^b	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a	<.001^a
Wrist pain	.08 ^b	.94 ^b	.11 ^b	.77 ^b	<.001^a	.04^a	<.001^a

^aRelevance of the pain-related search parameter increased significantly after the first confirmed COVID-19 case was reported.

^bNo significant changes.

^cRelevance of pain-related search parameter decreased significantly after the first confirmed COVID-19 case was reported.

^dN/A: not applicable; no data available/inadequate number of cases.