Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and co-infection status
|
Primary care |
Hospital |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All total (N=2573) | Single seasonal hCoV infection |
Seasonal hCoV-negative total (N=2410) | All total (N=6494) | Single seasonal hCoV infection |
Seasonal hCoV-negative total (N=6118) | |||||||||
| Total (N=161) | hCoV-229E (n=39) | hCoV-NL63 (n=35) | hCoV-OC43 (n=87) | Total (N=371) | hCoV-229E (n=91) | hCoV-NL63 (n=84) | hCoV-OC43 (n=196) | |||||||
| Sex | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·60* | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·28* | ||
| Female | 1261 (49·0%) | 85 (52·8%) | 25 (64·1%) | 22 (62·9%) | 38 (43·7%) | 1175 (48·8%) | 2996 (46·1%) | 159 (42·9%) | 42 (46·2%) | 37 (44·0%) | 80 (40·8%) | 2835 (46·3%) | ||
| Male | 1206 (46·9%) | 74 (46·0%) | 14 (35·9%) | 13 (37·1%) | 47 (54·0%) | 1131 (46·9%) | 3317 (51·1%) | 198 (53·4%) | 46 (50·5%) | 42 (50·0%) | 110 (56·1%) | 3116 (51·0%) | ||
| Missing | 106 (4·1%) | 2 (1·2%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (2·3%) | 104 (4·3%) | 181 (2·8%) | 14 (3·8%) | 3 (3·3%) | 5 (6·0%) | 6 (3·0%) | 167 (2·7%) | ||
| Age group, years | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·17* | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·019* | ||
| 0-4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2026 (31·2%) | 137 (36·9%) | 12 (13·2%) | 46 (54·8%) | 79 (40·3%) | 1888 (30·9%) | ||
| 5-14 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 336 (5·2%) | 10 (2·7%) | 3 (3·3%) | 2 (2·4%) | 5 (2·6%) | 326 (5·3%) | ||
| 15-64 | 2367 (92·0%) | 143 (88·8%) | 36 (92·3%) | 31 (88·6%) | 76 (87·4%) | 2222 (92·2%) | 1270 (19·6%) | 74 (19·9%) | 25 (27·5%) | 15 (17·9%) | 34 (17·3%) | 1196 (19·5%) | ||
| ≥65 | 206 (8·0%) | 18 (11·2%) | 3 (7·7%) | 4 (11·4%) | 11 (12·6%) | 188 (7·8%) | 2862 (44·1%) | 150 (40·4%) | 51 (56·0%) | 21 (25·0%) | 78 (39·8%) | 2708 (44·3%) | ||
| Co-infection with other respiratory viruses | ||||||||||||||
| All age groups, years | .. | 43 (26·7%) | 17 (43·6%) | 7 (20·0%) | 19 (21·8%) | .. | .. | 161 (43·4%) | 44 (48·4%) | 34 (40·5%) | 83 (42·3%) | .. | ||
| 0-4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 89 (24·0%) | 10 (11·0%) | 25 (29·8%) | 54 (27·6%) | .. | ||
| 5-14 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 6 (1·6%) | 1 (1·1%) | 1 (1·2%) | 4 (2·0%) | .. | ||
| 15-64 | .. | 38 (23·6%) | 15 (38·5%) | 6 (17·1%) | 17 (19·5%) | .. | .. | 24 (6·5%) | 13 (14·3%) | 3 (3·6%) | 8 (4·1%) | .. | ||
| ≥65 | .. | 5 (27·8%) | 2 (5·1%) | 1 (2·9%) | 2 (2·3%) | .. | .. | 42 (11·3%) | 20 (22·0%) | 5 (6·0%) | 17 (8·7%) | .. | ||
| Influenza | .. | 34 (21·1%) | 14 (35·9%) | 5 (14·3%) | 15 (17·2%) | .. | .. | 67 (18·1%) | 26 (28·6%) | 8 (9·5%) | 33 (16·8%) | .. | ||
| Respiratory syncytial virus | .. | 3 (1·9%) | 0 | 0 | 3 (3·4%) | .. | .. | 37 (10·0%) | 7 (7·7%) | 6 (7·1%) | 24 (12·2%) | .. | ||
| Picornaviruses | .. | 2 (1·2%) | 1 (2·6%) | 1 (2·9%) | 0 | .. | .. | 38 (10·2%) | 9 (9·9%) | 9 (10·7%) | 20 (10·2%) | .. | ||
| Adenovirus | .. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .. | .. | 26 (7·0%) | 4 (4·4%) | 7 (8·3%) | 15 (7·7%) | .. | ||
| hMPV | .. | 4 (2·5%) | 3 (7·7%) | 0 | 1 (1·1%) | .. | .. | 19 (5·1%) | 0 | 8 (9·5%) | 11 (5·6%) | .. | ||
| Parainfluenza viruses | .. | 1 (0·6%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1·1%) | .. | .. | 10 (2·7%) | 7 (7·7%) | 2 (2·4%) | 1 (0·5%) | .. | ||
| Bocavirus | .. | 1 (0·6%) | 0 | 1 (2·9%) | 0 | .. | .. | 9 (2·5%) | 0 | 6 (7·2%) | 3 (1·6%) | .. | ||
Data are n (%) unless specified. hCoV=human coronavirus. hMPV=human metapneumovirus.
*
χ2 p value.