Figure 11.

Effect of probiotic V or Met alone or in combination on ethanol-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress. The inflammatory gene levels in the male Wistar rat liver are (a) CYP2E1, (b) TLR-4, (c) TNF-α, (d) IL-6, (e) HO-1, (f) Nrf-2, and (g) IL-10. Ethanol-fed rats were also treated with probiotic V (10⁸ CFU/day) and Met (75 mg/kg) alone or together in combination for 25 days. At the end of the feeding protocol, liver tissue was collected, RNA was isolated, and qRT-PCR was performed to quantify the relative mRNA expression levels of the genes. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of six rats. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. Statistical analysis: ^#p < 0.05 and ^####p < 0.0001 compared with control group; ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.0001, and ^∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 compared with ethanol group; ^A,Bp < 0.05, ^AA,BBp < 0.01, ^AAA,BBBp < 0.001, and ^AAAA,BBBBp < 0.0001 compared with probiotic V and Met combinatorial group.