Table 1.

Study Population of Adolescents and Young Adults with a First Primary Invasive Cancer by Insulin Status Within 1 Year of Cancer Diagnosis: 2009–2019

Characteristic	Study Population		Insulin Status				p
			No insulin prescription		Insulin prescription within 1 year of cancer diagnosis
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Total	334		296	88.6	38	11.4
Age at cancer diagnosis (years)							0.23
18–24	55	16.5	48	16.2	7	18.4
25–29	52	15.6	50	16.9	2	5.3
30–34	103	30.8	92	31.1	11	28.9
35–39	124	37.1	106	35.8	18	47.4
Mean (SD)	31.4	(5.7)	31.3	(5.7)	32.2	(5.9)	0.40
BMI							0.18
Underweight/normoweight (<25 kg/m2)	143	42.8	131	44.3	12	31.6
Overweight (25–29.99 kg/m2)	91	27.2	81	27.4	10	26.3
Obese (30+ kg/m2)	100	29.9	84	28.4	16	42.1
Mean (SD), kg/m2	27.9	(7.4)	27.4	(7.0)	31.5	(9.8)	0.001
Sex							0.14
Female	204	61.1	185	62.5	19	50.0
Male	130	38.9	111	37.5	19	50.0
Race							—
White	306	91.6	270	91.2	36	94.7
Other/unknown	28	8.4	26	8.8	2	5.3
Marital status							0.23
Married	207	62.0	186	62.8	21	55.3
Unmarried	116	34.7	99	33.4	17	44.7
Unknown	11	3.3	11	3.7	0	0.0
Smoking history							0.64
Never smoker	247	74.0	220	74.3	27	71.1
Ever smokera	86	25.7	75	25.3	11	28.9
Unknown	1	0.3	1	0.3	0	0.0
State of residence							0.46
Utah	242	72.5	213	72.0	29	76.3
Idaho	40	12.0	36	12.2	4	10.5
Wyoming	19	5.7	18	6.1	1	2.6
Nevada	21	6.3	17	5.7	4	10.5
Other	12	3.6	12	4.1	0	0.0
Type 2 diabetes							<0.001
None	319	95.5	288	97.3	31	81.6
Yes	15	4.5	8	2.7	7	18.4
Glucocorticoid prescriptionb							0.48
None	98	29.3	85	28.7	13	34.2
Yes	236	70.7	211	71.3	25	65.8
AJCC clinical stage							0.93
I	79	23.7	74	25.0	5	13.2
II	43	12.9	39	13.2	4	10.5
III	30	9.0	28	9.5	2	5.3
IV	22	6.6	20	6.8	2	5.3
Not specified/Not applicablec	160	47.9	135	45.6	25	65.8
Cancer sequence							0.86
Only 1 primary	310	92.8	275	92.9	35	92.1
First of 2+ primaries	24	7.2	21	7.1	3	7.9
Chemotherapy							0.59
None/unknown	172	51.5	154	52.0	18	47.4
Yes	162	48.5	142	48.0	20	52.6
Surgery							0.96
None/unknown	27	8.1	24	8.1	3	7.9
Yes	307	91.9	272	91.9	35	92.1
Hormone therapy							0.18
None/unknown	262	78.4	229	77.4	33	86.8
Yes	72	21.6	67	22.6	5	13.2
Immunotherapy							0.10
None/unknown	300	89.8	263	88.9	37	97.4
Yes	34	10.2	33	11.1	1	2.6
Radiation therapy							0.17
None/unknown	218	65.3	197	66.6	21	55.3
Yes	116	34.7	99	33.4	17	44.7

p values do not include unknown or not applicable values.

^aEver smoker includes current and former smokers.

^bFirst glucocorticoid prescription 1+ days after cancer diagnosis.

^cBrain and other nervous system cancers do not have applicable staging information.

AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; BMI, body mass index, SD, standard deviation.