Table 2.
Comparison of outcome parameters in the course of time for per-protocol participants (n = 7)
| Time baseline, mean (SD) | 24 months, mean (SD) | Change | t-test t (df) | p (2-tailed) | Partial η2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 15.6 (1.7) | 16.6 (1.9) | 6.4% | − 1.96 (6) | 0.10 | 0.39 |
| Body composition: fat (%) | 18.2 (5.0) | 21.9 (4.9) | 20.0% | − 1.83 (6) | 0.12 | 0.36 |
| Body composition: lean massa (kg) | 33.4 (4.9) | 34.7 (3.9) | 4.0% | − 1.66 (6) | 0.15 | 0.31 |
| Bone mineral density | ||||||
| Lumbar spine | ||||||
| g/cm2 | 0.660 (0.102) | 0.749 (0.084) | 13.5% | − 3.79 (6) | < 0.01 | 0.71 |
| Z-score | − 3.37 (0.98) | − 2.63 (0.79) | ||||
| Femoral neck | ||||||
| g/cm2 | 0.565 (0.055) | 0.593 (0.049) | 4.9% | − 2.46 (6) | < 0.05 | 0.59 |
| Z-score | − 2.53 (0.46) | − 2.26 (0.39) | ||||
| Hip total | ||||||
| g/cm2 | 0.651 (0.049) | 0.676 (0.053) | 3.8% | − 1.70 (6) | 0.14 | 0.32 |
| Z-score | − 2.40 (0.39) | − 2.17 (0.40) | ||||
| Radius bone parameters | ||||||
| Total bone density (mgHA/cm3) | 253.6 (32.6) | 245.5 (20.4) | − 3.2% | 1.36 (6) | 0.22 | 0.23 |
| Cortical bone density (mgHA/cm3) | 835.2 (58.9) | 816.2 (65.6) | − 2.3% | 3.53 (6) | < 0.05 | 0.67 |
| Cortical thickness (μm) | 565.7 (122.9) | 534.3 (115.4) | − 5.6% | 6.18 (6) | < 0.001 | 0.86 |
| Trabecular bone density (mgHA/cm3) | 134.6 (29.5) | 132.4 (24.2) | − 1.6% | 0.34 (6) | 0.74 | 0.02 |
| Meta trab. bone density (mgHA/cm3) | 190.0 (29.0) | 188.1 (22.7) | − 1.0% | 0.38 (6) | 0.72 | 0.02 |
| Trabecular number (1/mm) | 1.699 (0.301) | 1.697 (0.360) | − 0.1% | 0.04 (6) | 0.97 | 0.00 |
| Trabecular thickness (mm) | 0.067 (0.018) | 0.067 (0.017) | 0.0% | 0.00 (6) | 1.00 | 0.00 |
| Trabecular separation (mm) | 0.539 (0.116) | 0.554 (0.162) | 2.6% | − 0.63 (6) | 0.55 | 0.06 |
| Tibia bone parameters | ||||||
| Total bone density (mgHA/cm3) | 261.4 (28.9) | 250.0 (43.7) | − 4.3% | 0.96 (5) | 0.38 | 0.16 |
| Cortical bone density (mgHA/cm3) | 893.2 (37.3) | 887.5 (48.8) | − 0.6% | 1.06 (5) | 0.34 | 0.18 |
| Cortical thickness (μm) | 888.3 (125.4) | 883.3 (155.8) | − 0.6% | 0.21 (5) | 0.84 | 0.01 |
| Trabecular bone density (mgHA/cm3) | 154.1 (41.6) | 141.7 (46.8) | − 8.0% | 1.10 (5) | 0.32 | 0.19 |
| Meta trab. bone density (mgHA/cm3) | 212.0 (39.0) | 201.7 (43.5) | − 4.9% | 1.02 (5) | 0.35 | 0.17 |
| Trabecular number (1/mm) | 1.553 (0.374) | 1.520 (0.456) | − 2.1% | 0.62 (5) | 0.56 | 0.07 |
| Trabecular thickness (mm) | 0.083 (0.018) | 0.079 (0.017) | − 5.4% | 1.23 (5) | 0.27 | 0.23 |
| Trabecular separation (mm) | 0.595 (0.174) | 0.643 (0.257) | 7.9% | − 0.99 (5) | 0.37 | 0.17 |
aLean mass incl. bone mineral content