Table 3.

Predation efficiency of Gambusia affinis on An. stephensi larvae in standard conditions and post-treatment of ZnO NPs.

Treatment	Prey	Daylight (0–12 h)	Night time (12–24 h)	Total predation (n)	Total predation (%)
Standard conditions	I instar	92.66 ± 2.51	88.33 ± 1.52	180.99	45.00
	II instar	1.66 ± 2.08	72.66 ± 2.08	154.32	38.58
	III instar	76.33 ± 1.52	54.00 ± 2.00	130.33	32.58
	IV instar	59.33 ± 2.51	44.00 ± 2.64	103.33	25.83
Post-treatment with Zn-NPs	I instar	155.00 ± 2.64	130.33 ± 2.51	285.33	71.33
	II instar	126.00 ± 2.64	107.33 ± 2.30	233.33	58.33
	III instar	92.66 ± 3.21	79.66 ± 1.52	172.32	43.08
	IV instar	73.00 ± 3.00	64.00 ± 2.00	137.00	34.25

Predation rates are means ± SD of 3 replicates (1 fish vs. 400 mosquitoes per replicate).

Control was clean water without G. affinis fishes.

Within the column, means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (weighted generalized linear model, P < 0.05).