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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Biol. 2020 Oct 24;26(4):e12966. doi: 10.1111/adb.12966

Table 4.

Group differences on sensory, ataxia, and ADL tests: mean (SD): longitudinal observations (lmer)

lmer Effects: t (df), p
Control AUD Group Age Sex
Sensory Testing: longitudinal (lmer)
2-point discrimination: L+R hand (mm) 15.65 18.35 2.514 (180.3), 0.0128 4.796 (268.2), 2.69e-06 −1.842 (208.2), 0.0669
(5.09) (8.14)
n= 151 200
2-point discrimination: L+R foot (mm) 25.69 29.57 2.794 (159.8), 0.00585 9.431 (224.2), 2e-16 −0.833 (169.6), 0.406
(11.56) (13.51)
n= 151 200
Perceived vibration: L+R great toe (sec.) 0.28 0.36 1.665 (185.5), 0.0976 7.291 (253.6), 3.91e-12 2.470 (203.7), 0.0143
(0.56) (0.59)
n= 151 202
Subjective peripheral neuropathy 0.07 0.25 2.766 (161.2), 0.00634 3.297 (225.1), 0.00114 −0.150 (173.8), 0.88075
(0.33) (0.67)
n= 153 200
Ataxia Testing: eyes closed
Stand heel-to-toe (max=120 sec.) 51.86 32.82 −3.189 (161.4), 0.00171 −5.666 (211.4), 4.75e-08 0.451 (174.7), 0.653
(44.28) (39.34)
n= 130 161
Stand on one foot: L+R (max=60 sec.) 17.96 9.92 −4.675 (175.7), 5.84e-06 −9.670 (233.5), < 2e-16 −0.939 (196.0), 0.349
(16.17) (9.69)
n= 130 158
Take steps (max=20 steps) 4.90 4.11 −1.503 (122.8), 0.1354 −3.645 (17.8), 0.000351 −1.787 (133.8), 0.0762
(3.46) (3.07)
n= 129 157
Ataxia Testing: eyes open
Stand heel-to-toe (max=120 sec.) 109.80 87.48 −4.075 (168.4), 7.08e-05 −5.073 (215.8), 8.43e-07 −1.021 (180.4), 0.308
27.34 (43.06)
n= 130 161
Stand on one foot: L+R (max=60 sec.) 49.96 33.12 −6.369 (168.6), 1.74e-09 −9.028 (230.2), < 2e-16 −0.450 (188.1), 0.653
15.66 (21.50)
n= 132 160
Step heel-to-toe (max=20 steps) 17.29 14.31 −3.864 (156.2), 0.000163 −5.989 (207.1), 9.2e-09 −0.003 (166.6), 0.9978
4.96 (6.39)
n= 132 161
ADL (max=32) 30.70 28.54 −5.220 (196.7), 4.53e-07 −3.427 (250.7), 0.000714 1.800 (210.2), 0.0733
(2.20) (3.79)
n= 152 204

Bold font: alpha=.05, 1-tailed, family-wise Bonferroni for 11 comparisons, p≤0.009

Lower mean values for sensory testing and higher mean values for ataxia and ADL testing reflect better performance.