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Relative expression levels of five SfsHsp genes at different the developmental stages of Spodoptera frugiperda. E, egg; L1–L6, 1st–6th instar larva; P, pupa; FA, female adult; and MA, male adult. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences among the developmental stages based on one-way analysis of variance followed by the least significant difference test (p < 0.05)
