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. 2021 Apr 23;12:2432. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22570-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Three examples of visual network patterns with direct biological interpretations. Left: highly connected hub, indicating essential and often pleiotropic gene functions. The depicted NFKB1 gene is a subunit of an essential transcription factor involved in a wide variety of biological processes. Middle: small, densely interconnected clusters often represent a particular biological function. The highlighted cluster corresponds to the NADH-dehydrogenase, the first complex of the electron transport chain. Right: genes associated with the same disease are often characterized by larger, yet significantly connected modules, as shown for genes associated with inflammatory bowel disease. b Green-screen composition of a user wearing a VR headset and the respective VR scene she is currently exploring. c The VRNetzer platform consists of five modules that can be customized independently. The frontend consists of the VR interface and an additional web browser-based interface to facilitate seamless exchange between VR sessions and standard working environments. The user interface module connects the VR module to the backend, which consists of two separate modules for data storage and data analytics. The individual modules are implemented in programming languages that are widely used for the respective tasks.