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. 2021 Apr 24;107:247–250. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.068

Figure 1.

Figure 1

A and B: Immune parameters in BAL and in peripheral blood before treatment. The frequency of B cells (CD19+), T-cell subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+), and T-cell activation (CD38+ expression) were evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage and in the peripheral blood by Flow cytometry before monoclonal treatment. Representative dot and histogram plots related to pt1 (A) and pt2 (B) are shown. C: Impact of monoclonal treatment on immune homeostasis and specific T-cell response. The kinetics of T-cell subsets (1,5), T-cell activation (2,6), Spike-specific T-cells (3,7), and inflammatory cytokines (4,8) were evaluated in pt1 and pt2 before (T0) and after three, seven, ten, or 14 days of monoclonal treatment (T3, T7, T10, T14). Specifically, T-cell subsets and T-cell activation were evaluated by flow cytometry and Spike–specific T-cells response by ELISpot assay after overnight stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with peptides overlapping the Spike protein. The inflammatory cytokines (IL1-β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) were quantified by automatic ELISA.