Figure 1.

Reporter gene imaging in oncolytic virotherapy and gene therapy

Reporter genes are organized by imaging modality. Commonly used imaging substrates are indicated, as well as the use of reporter genes in human clinical trials of oncolytic virotherapy or gene therapy. ^§SPECT radiotracer; ^ƤPET radiotracer. Abbreviations: SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography; PET, positron emission tomography; NIS, sodium iodide symporter; HSV1-tk1, herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase; FIAU, 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-1-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil; FHBG, 9-(4-fluoro-3-[hydroxymethyl]butyl)guanine; FHPG, 9-[(3-fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine; GCV, ganciclovir; FPCV, 8-fluoropenciclovir; NET, norepinephrine transporter; MIBG, meta-iodobenzylguanidine; MFBG, meta-fluorobenzylguanidine; SSTR2, somatostatin receptor 2; DOTATOC, (DOTA⁰-Phe1-Tyr3)octreotide; DOTATATE, DOTA⁰-Tyr3-octreotate; DOTANOC, DOTA-1-Nal(3)-octreotide; f/mMRI, functional or molecular magnetic resonance imaging; Tyr, tyrosinase; N/A, not applicable; LRP, lysine-rich protein; GFP, green fluorescent protein.