Table 1.
Selected examples of our predicted drug candidates against SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV that can be validated by the literature evidences in a retrospective study
| Drug name | Virus | Original targetsa | Original indicationsb | Referencesc |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chloroquine | SARS-CoV | Fe(II)-protoporphyrin IX (Plasmodium falciparum) | Malaria | 10,102 |
| Gemcitabine | SARS-CoV | Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit (Human) | Cancer | 12,102 |
| Cyclosporine | SARS-CoV | Calcineurin subunit B type 2 (Human) | Prophylaxis of organ rejection, severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | 14 |
| Indomethacin | SARS-CoV | Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 (Human) | Symptomatic management of rheumatoid arthritis | 103 |
| Curcumin | SARS-CoV | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Human) | Various proinflammatory diseases104 | 105 |
| PJ-34 | SARS-CoV | Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (Human) | Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis106 | 107 |
| Hesperetin | SARS-CoV | Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (Human) | Lowering cholesterol108 | 109 |
| Miltefosine | MERS-CoV | P-glycoprotein 1 (Human) | Mucosal, cutaneous, visceral leishmaniasis | 16 |
| Chlorpromazine | MERS-CoV | Dopamine D2 and D1 receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A and 2A, Alpha-1A and -1B adrenergic receptors, Histamine H1 receptor (Human) | Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders | 12,102 |
| Imatinib | MERS-CoV | BCR-ABL fusion kinase (Human) | Leukemia | 102,110 |
The drug candidates were first predicted using our network-based knowledge mining algorithm CoV-DTI with a cutoff threshold of p-value <0.05. Then the identified drug candidates were validated using an automated relation extraction method from the large-scale literature texts, followed by a minimum of manual checking
aThe parenthesis indicates the organism of the target(s)
bDrug indications stand for the official indications approved by the FDA, obtained from DrugBank,19 unless other references are stated
cReferences stand for the supporting literatures