Table 2.
Example of the differences observed in practice using real-world data derived from English Premier League and Women’s Super League soccer players. This includes using different DXA scanners made by the same company, on the same individuals, alongside an example of the effect of different predictive equations on collected skinfold data.
| Real World DXA Data | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant & DXA Characteristics | Multi-ethnic backgrounds, Females, Soccer Players (n = 5), Age: 25 ± 5 years, Height: 167.5 ± 4.0 cm | ||||
| SCAN 1: QDR Series Discovery A, Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, Software Version 12.4, Weight: 64.0 ± 7.7 kg | |||||
| SCAN 2: QDR Series Horizon A, Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, Software Version 13.6.0.2, Weight: 64.0 ± 6.8 kg | |||||
| Scan Details | Fat Mass (kg) | Lean Mass (kg) | BMC (kg) | Body Mass (kg) | Body Fat (%) |
| SCAN 1 | 12.1 ± 2.1 | 50.0 ± 6.1 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 65.0 ± 7.9 | 18.6 ± 1.7 |
| SCAN 2 | 14.2 ± 2.0 | 48.0 ± 5.1 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 63.0 ± 10.0 | 21.9 ± 1.6 |
| Δ Fat Mass (%) | Δ Lean Mass (%) | Δ BMC (%) | Δ Body Mass (%) | Δ Body Fat (%) | |
| SCAN 1 vs. SCAN 2 | 18.0 | −4.0 | −2.2 | −3.3 | 18.0 |
| Real World Skinfold Data | |||||
| Participant Characteristics | ATHLETE 1: Caucasian, Male, Soccer Player, Age: 26 years, Height: 180.0 cm, Weight: 79.4 kg, Bicep, 4.0 mm; Tricep, 4.2 mm; Chest, 4.4 mm; Axilla, 5.2 mm; Subscapular, 7.6 mm; Abdominal, 7.4 mm; Supraspinale, 4.6 mm; Iliac Crest, 9.0 mm; Thigh, 4.6 mm; Calf, 4.0 mm. | ||||
| ATHLETE 2: Caucasian, Male, Rugby Player, Age: 27 years, Height: 195.5 cm, Weight: 133.7 kg, Bicep, 6.2 mm; Tricep, 8.0 mm; Chest, 14.4 mm; Axilla, 18.4 mm; Subscapular, 25.2 mm; Abdominal, 29.8 mm; Supraspinale, 27.2 mm; Iliac Crest, 31.2 mm; Thigh, 12.5 mm; Calf, 13.4 mm. | |||||
| Equation Used | Designed For | Sites Used | Calculation | Body Fat (%) | |
| Athlete 1 | Athlete 2 | ||||
| Durnin & Womersley (1974) [16] & Siri (1961) [17] | Age Specific Male Population | Biceps, Triceps, Subscapular, Suoprailiac | Body Density = 1.1631 − (0.0632 × Log ΣSF)Body Fat Percentage: ((495/body density) − 450) | 8.2% | 23.1% |
| Jackson & Pollock (1978) [18] & Siri (1961) [17] | General Male Population | Chest, Abdominal, Thigh | Body Density = 1.10938 − (0.0008267 × ΣSF) + (0.0000016 × ΣSF2) − (0.0002574 × age)Body Fat Percentage = ((495/body density) − 450) | 4.3% | 16.6% |
| Jackson & Pollock (1978) [18]& Siri (1961) [17] | General Male Population | Chest, Axilla, Triceps, Subscapular, Abdominal, Suprailiac, Thigh | Body Density = 1.112 − (0.00043499 × ΣSF) + (0.00000055 × ΣSF2) − (0.00028826 × age)Body Fat Percentage = ((495/body density) − 450) | 5.4% | 19.4% |
| Withers et al., (1987) [19]& Siri (1961) [17] | Athletic Male Population | Biceps, Triceps, Subscapular, Suprailiac, Abdominal, Thigh, Calf | Body Density = 1.0988 − (0.0004 × ΣSF)Body Fat Percentage = ((495/body density) − 450) | 7.3% | 22.2% |
| Reilly et al., (2009) [20] | Athletic Male Soccer Population | Thigh, Abdominal, Triceps, Calf | Body Fat Percentage = 5.174 + (0.124 × Thigh) + (0.147 × Abdominal) + (0.196 × Triceps) + (0.130 × Calf) | 8.2% | 14.4% |
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); bone mineral content (BMC); skinfolds (SF).