| GRAS | Generally regarded as safe |
| IL | Interleukin |
| TNFα | Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha |
| GM-CSF | Granulocyte-macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor |
| IFNɣ | Interferon gamma |
| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| OTU | Operational Taxonomic Unit |
| NAFLD | Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| HALE | Healthy Life Expectancy |
| CFU | Colony Forming Unit |
| API | Analytical Profile Index |
| FFQ | Food Frequency Questionnaire |
| PBS | Phosphate-Buffered Saline |
| TE | Tris Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| HT1 | Hybridisation Buffer |
| NaOH | Sodium hydroxide |
| PCR | Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| QIIME | Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology |
| JSD | Jensen-Shannon distance |
| PAM | Partitioning Around medoids |
| CH | Calinski-Harabasz |
| Si | Silhouette coefficient |
| db-RDA | distance based Redundancy Analysis |
| PCoA | principal coordinate analysis |
| PMSF | Phenyl-methyl-sulfonyl fluoride |
| BSA | Bovine Serum Albumin |
| LLOQ | lower limit of quantification |
| PERMANOVA | Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance |
| ANOVA | Analysis of Variance |