Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of InCHIANTI participants by adherence to the Mediterranean-type diet.
| All | Low Adherence | Medium Adherence | High Adherence | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean/n | (SD/%) | Mean/n | (SD/%) | Mean/n | (SD/%) | Mean/n | (SD/%) | p * | |
| n | 825 | 235 | 357 | 233 | |||||
| Age (y) | 73.5 | (6.4) | 75.1 | (7.0) | 73.6 | (6.5) | 71.9 | (5.2) | <0.001 |
| Sex (%Female) | 463 | (56.1) | 131 | (55.7) | 219 | (61.3) | 113 | (48.5) | 0.009 |
| Site (%Bagno a Ripoli) | 441 | (53.5) | 112 | (47.7) | 195 | (54.6) | 134 | (57.5) | 0.086 |
| Smoking (%Smoker) | 118 | (14.3) | 36 | (15.3) | 46 | (12.9) | 36 | (15.5) | 0.596 |
| IL6 (pg/mL) | 2.05 | (3.39) | 2.09 | (2.24) | 1.90 | (1.96) | 2.23 | (5.47) | 0.441 |
| CRP (ug/mL) | 4.59 | (7.39) | 5.40 | (10.73) | 3.89 | (4.45) | 4.87 | (6.83) | 0.035 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 | (4.0) | 27.1 | (4.2) | 27.5 | (4.2) | 27.8 | (3.6) | 0.128 |
| Years of Education (y) | 5.58 | (3.31) | 5.53 | (3.67) | 5.45 | (3.10) | 5.85 | (3.23) | 0.311 |
| MMSE | 25.4 | (3.4) | 25.1 | (3.8) | 25.4 | (3.3) | 25.8 | (3.0) | 0.063 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 1942.7 | (566.1) | 1826.3 | (582.1) | 1917.9 | (571.8) | 2098.1 | (505.7) | <0.001 |
| Plasma α-tocopherol (µmol/L) | 30.4 | (8.3) | 29.4 | (8.3) | 30.9 | (8.3) | 30.8 | (8.2) | 0.081 |
| Plasma α-carotene (µmol/L) | 0.06 | (0.06) | 0.05 | (0.04) | 0.06 | (0.04) | 0.07 | (0.08) | 0.144 |
| Plasma β-carotene (µmol/L) | 0.43 | (0.26) | 0.39 | (0.24) | 0.45 | (0.28) | 0.44 | (0.25) | 0.021 |
| Plasma monosaturated fatty acid * | 33.0 | (3.7) | 32.5 | (3.8) | 33.0 | (3.7) | 33.4 | (3.8) | 0.055 |
| Frailty Index | 0.13 | (0.10) | 0.16 | (0.12) | 0.13 | (0.09) | 0.11 | (0.08) | <0.001 |
* p-values from one-way ANOVA or chi-square test.