Table 1.

Ethanol production by anaerobic fungi.

Fungal Isolate	Substrate	Ethanol Yield [µmol g−L] *	Reference
Piromyces sp., isolate E2	Cellobiose	50	[124]
Piromyces sp., isolate E2	Glucose	80	[124]
Piromyces sp., isolate E2	Fructose	80	[124]
Piromyces sp., isolate E2	Mannose	80	[124]
Piromyces sp., isolate E2	Lactose	14.77	[124]
Piromyces sp., isolate F1	Xylose	1920	[129]
Piromyces sp., isolate E2	Xylose	113	[124]
Piromyces sp., isolate E2	Xylan	84	[124]
N. frontalis	Cellulose	2310	[5]
N. frontalis	Cellulose	3750	[130]
Piromyces sp., isolate E2	Cellulose	157	[124]
Piromyces sp., isolate E2	Wheat straw	695	[124]
Piromyces sp., isolate E2	Wheat bran	891	[124]
Piromyces sp., isolate E2	Starch	157	[124]
Pecoramyces ruminantium	Switch grass **	540	[118]
P. ruminantium	Energy cane **	510	[118]
P. ruminantium	Sorghum **	560	[118]
P. ruminantium	Mixed prairie **	490	[118]
P. ruminantium	Corn stover **	1030	[118]

* Values quoted are with zero decimal places. ** Substrates were pretreated with 3% NaOH. All substrates were autoclaved prior to fermentation and fermented in batch culture.