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HDV infection and host factors. HDV: hepatitis D virus; HBV: hepatitis B virus; GPC5: glypican 5; NTCP: sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide; EGF(R): epidermal growth factor (receptor); ES(R): estrogen (receptor); CAD: carbamoyl-phosphatesynthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; cccDNA: covalently closed circular DNA; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen.
