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. 2021 Mar 31;10(4):739. doi: 10.3390/foods10040739

Table 4.

Effect of hesperidin (E), naringin (N) and vitamin E (VE) on intramuscular fat content, fatty acid profile and atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) indices in the biceps femoris thigh muscle.

Tissue: Thigh Treatment p-Linear
Parameter C E1 E2 N1 N2 VE SEM p-Value C-E1-E2 C-N1-N2
FA (% of Total)
C6:0 0.004 0.010 C 0.005 0.004 0.007 0.006 0.001 * NS NS
C10:0 0.008 0.008 0.007 0.008 0.008 0.007 0.001 NS NS NS
C12:0 0.022 0.022 0.021 0.022 0.022 0.020 0.001 NS NS NS
C14:0 0.468 0.481 0.467 0.466 0.486 VE 0.442 0.010 * NS NS
C14:1 0.088 0.091 0.080 0.079 0.091 0.077 0.005 NS NS NS
C15:0 0.075 0.079 0.080 0.082 0.080 0.078 0.003 NS NS NS
C16:0 23.97 23.94 24.24 24.06 23.89 23.27 0.28 NS NS NS
C16:1 4.250 4.403 3.943 3.956 4.509 3.956 0.198 NS NS NS
C17:0 0.080 0.083 0.090 0.089 0.083 0.087 0.006 NS NS NS
C17:1 0.107 0.106 0.102 0.110 0.112 0.106 0.005 NS NS NS
C18:0 5.438 5.413 5.599 5.038 5.324 5.649 0.225 NS NS NS
C18:1 35.89 36.14 35.46 35.15 35.91 37.34 0.54 ^ NS NS
C18:2n-6 25.34 25.41 25.77 26.85 25.64 25.16 0.54 NS NS NS
C18:3n-3 2.094 2.083 2.135 2.151 2.118 2.064 0.035 NS NS NS
C20:3n-6 0.139 0.148 0.159 0.163 0.155 0.143 0.010 NS NS NS
C20:4n-6 0.228 0.225 0.222 0.224 0.225 0.221 0.008 NS NS NS
C20:5n-3 0.963 0.956 1.057 1.146 1.007 1.046 0.081 NS NS NS
C22:5n-3 0.046 0.057 0.046 0.004 0.009 0.020 0.010 ** NS **
C22:6n-3 0.821 0.374 C 0.567 C,VE 0.403 C 0.331 C 0.315 C 0.041 **** ** ****
SFA 30.06 30.03 30.51 29.76 29.89 29.55 0.32 NS NS NS
MUFA 40.33 40.74 39.59 39.29 40.62 41.48 0.63 NS NS NS
PUFA 29.63 29.25 29.96 30.94 29.48 28.97 0.64 NS NS NS
PUFA/SFA 0.988 0.975 0.984 1.040 0.988 0.983 0.027 NS NS NS
n-6 25.56 25.63 25.99 27.07 25.86 25.38 0.54 NS NS NS
n-3 3.923 3.470 3.805 3.704 3.464 3.446 0.118 * NS ^
n-6/n-3 6.578 7.412 C 6.859 7.329 C 7.500 C 7.400 C 0.156 *** NS **
AI 0.370 0.370 0.376 0.370 0.369 0.356 0.006 NS NS NS
TI 0.667 0.683 0.684 0.666 0.679 0.670 0.012 NS NS NS

C (no supplementation), E1 (0.75 g of hesperidin per kg of feed), E2 (1.5 g hesperidin/kg feed), N1 (0.75 g naringin/kg feed), N2 (1.5 g naringin/kg feed) and VE (0.2 g a-tocopheryl acetate/kg feed). Significance of treatment (P) and linear dose–response to E and N (p-linear) are shown. C: Means differ significantly from C (p < 0.05). VE: Means differ significantly from VE (p < 0.05). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, ^ 0.10 > p > 0.05. NS: not significant.