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. 2021 Apr 4;11(4):220. doi: 10.3390/metabo11040220

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Individual principal component analyses (PCA) based on metabolic fingerprinting in negative ion mode of three species of Espeletia (representing 25 samples and 915 variables). (a) Map of Colombia with different páramo complexes within the Boyacá and Cundinamarca massifs highlighted in different colors. (b) Scores plots showing the metabolic clustering of individuals of E. boyacensis, (c) E. argentea, and (d) E. grandiflora according to their páramo complex of origin. Map created in the software ArcGIS 10.7.