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. 2021 Apr 2;11(4):999. doi: 10.3390/ani11040999

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Cruciform grid showing welfare assessment for a bovine on day 0 undergoing blood sampling, showing a cumulative welfare assessment score (CWAS) of 15.75 when behavioural data were available. This CWAS score is calculated from the area of the grid.